Conlang games #1
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 14 Mar 2018, 22:20.
[comments] bootstrap,game
7. Derivation
9. Genders
10. General grammar
13. Interrogation
14. Irregularities
17. Ov and lightning
18. Ov anthem
19. Phonology
20. Sentences
23. Tones
25. Verb morphology
28. WIP
[top]Hynky language - Klahja hynky /ɺ͡ɬʰɑt͡:ʃɑ t͡ʃɯ̃kʰɯ/
[top]Words
ěmj /ɛ̃j/ - bread (n.)
lkan /ɬɺɑ̃/ - want (v./aux.)
hywen /t͡ʃɯʋẽ/ - mom (n.)
nthua /θũɑ̃/ - dad (n.)
anwoř /ɑ̃ʋoχ/ - son (n.)
seru /ʃeru/ - I (p.)
ttofři /tʼofʁi/ - milk (n.)
mařē /ɑ̃ʁeɪ̯/ - see (v.)
swmar /ʃʋɑ̃r/ - have (v.)
gefan /çefɑ̃/ - we (p.)
klahja /ɺ͡ɬʰɑt͡:ʃɑ/ - language (n.)
mutuě /ũtʰuɛ/ - small animal (n.)
venthě /wẽθɛ/ - big animal (n.)
mkav /kʰɑ̃ʋ/ - speak (v.)
syh /ʃɯt͡ʃ/ - need (v./aux.)
kkyfat /kʼɯfɑt/ - red (adj.)
gufa /çufɑ/ - you (singular) (p.)
fyf /fɯf/ - you (plural) (p.)
kkat /kʼɑt/ - they (p.)
-sinf /ʃĩf/ - part (n.)
lonf /ɬõf/ - drink (v.)
juns /jũʃ/ - give (v.)
fi /fi/ - benefactive marker (prep.)
wumth /wũθ/ - clause separator (ptc.)
um /ũ/ - adjectivizer / adverbializer (ptc.)
wons /wõʃ/ - at least (adv.)
[top]Phonology
Any nasal consonant makes the syllable nasal, no matter whether it's before or after the vowel. Initial nasal consonants before a consonant make all the following vowels nasal.
Dental | Labiodental | Palatal | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Velar | Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | <t> tʰ <tt> tʼ | <k> kʰ <kk> kʼ | |||||
Fricative | <th> θ | <g> ç | <l> ɬ | <s> ʃ | |||
Affricate | <f> f | <h> t͡ʃ | ʁ | ||||
Trill | <r> r | ||||||
Approximant | <w> ʋ | <j> j | <v> w |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | <i> i | <y> ɯ <u> u |
Close-mid | <e> e | <o> o |
Open-mid | <ĕ> ɛ | |
Open | <a> ɑ |
<ē> /eɪ̯/ |
Allophony:
ʁ#/χ
ʁ/χ/ɬ_
k/ɺ/ɬ_|_ɬ
[top]Noun morphology
Class 1 noun declensions (people)
Nominative | Accusative | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -∅ | -tum |
Dual | lin- | -∅ |
Plural | thmu- | -∅ |
Class 2 noun declensions (animals)
Nominative | Accusative | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -∅ | -sē |
Dual | ∅- | -kol |
Plural | ttař- | -ran |
Class 3 noun declensions (food)
Nominative | Accusative | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -∅ | -san |
Dual | lun- | -soř |
Plural |
Class 4 noun declensions (the rest)
Nominative | Accusative | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -∅ | -saf |
Dual | kas- | -san |
Plural | ked- | -sar |
[top]Adjective morphology
Adjectives don't inflect with case, but they agree with their noun depending on the class and number. The dual is only distinguished for people.
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | tē- | hu- | os- | than- |
Dual | tti- | ka- | ys- | |
Plural | pē- |
[top]Verb morphology
Verbs don't inflect with persons. They do, however, inflect with gender, number, various tenses, a few moods. But mostly, Hynky verbs agree with both subject and object. Only the indicative mood distinguishes immediateness and recentness in tenses.
Indicative | Conditional | Interrogative | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PST | REC | PRS | IMM | FUT | PRS | PST | FUT | PRS | PST | FUT | ||
Singular subject | Singular object | ttamv- | hank- | řan- | ēs- | loř- | mthov- | kē- | fos- | mttos- | kus- | lor- |
Dual object | jens- | hys- | řuv- | jēv- | lys- | msav- | ttamk- | fis- | mttař- | tys- | lav- | |
Plural object | ku- | vor- | kul- | tĕs- | vyk- | mvav- | ttonr- | řak- | mthynk- | thys- | lēv- | |
No object | thas- | vĕs- | ēř- | mtot- | ttums- | řuk- | mřink- | vyk- | lans- | |||
Dual subject | Singular object | vink- | mthuk- | lav- | mor- | mir- | řyk- | nthank- | fik- | hov- | vynk- | lur- |
Dual object | ||||||||||||
Plural object | sonk- | sas- | sĕv- | hur- | homk- | gar- | war- | mwan- | mvin- | goth- | ginth- | |
No object | lēs- | lĕf- | lĕh- | unh- | unk- | |||||||
Plural subject | Singular object | lunk- | gynt- | wint- | wons- | wav- | jons- | ganh- | vahj- | munk- | lanr- | jins- |
Dual object | lkĕth- | řant- | řynh- | ys- | ynf- | ĕns- | lkunv- | vans- | lkynh- | |||
Plural object | ||||||||||||
No object | lov- | lkēs | lkuv- | lkaw- | kas- | lenr- | kar- | kanř- | jynh- | sanf- | sĕf- |
[top]Syntax
Hynky is an accusative head-first fusional language. The word order is OSV and cannot be changed except in the following situations:
- hypothesis, respect or doubt makes it SOV;
- imperative makes it VSO (the imperative isn't marked otherwise).
Verbs can be used as auxiliaries as follows:
AUXAuxilliary + da + VUnknown code
It is important to take into consideration that the verb agrees with its auxiliary in the exact same way.
Contemplating (desire, need etc.) takes near future tense, but not conditional.
There is no copula. For "to be" sentences, one must just use an OS template.
[top]Samples
I want to speak Hynky.
Klahjasaf um thanhynky seru ēslkan da ēsmkav.
/ɺ͡ɬʰɑt͡:ʃɑʃɑf ũ θɑ̃t͡ʃɯ̃kʰɯ ʃeru eɪ̯ʃɬɺʰɑ̃ dɑ eɪ̯ʃkʰɑ̃w/
language-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient ADJZAdjectiviser (syntax)
turns word into adjective G4Gender 4 (gender/class)-hynky 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I PREPresent=SUBSubject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-OBJObject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-want PTCUnknown code.AUXAuxilliary PREPresent=SUBSubject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-OBJObject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-speak
_________________________
Did you have a son?
Anwořtum gufa kusswmar?
/ɑ̃ʋoʁtʰũ çufɑ kʰuʃːʋɑ̃r/
son-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient 2PSecond person plural (person)
addressee (plural) INTERUnknown code.PSTPast (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech=SUBSubject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-OBJObject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-have
_________________________
If we had sons, I would need at least two pieces of bread.
Anwoř garswmar, ĕmjsinfsoř um seru wons msavsyh.
/ɑ̃ʋoχ çɑrʃʋɑ̃r | ɛ̃ʃːĩfʃoχ ʃeru ũ ʋõʃ ʃɑ̃wʃɯt͡ʃ/
son=ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few CONDConditional (mood)
would=PREPresent=SUBSubject (argument).DUDual (number)
two-OBJObject (argument).PLPlural (number)
more than one/few-have, bread-part-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.DUDual (number)
two 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
turns word into adverb at-least CONDConditional (mood)
would=PREPresent=SUBSubject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-OBJObject (argument).DUDual (number)
two-need
_________________________
These are two red small animals.
Mutuĕ kakkyfat kkat.
/ũtʰuɛ kʰɑkʼɯfɑt kʼɑt/
small-animal=DUDual (number)
two G2Gender 2 (gender/class)=DUDual (number)
two-red 3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them
_________________________
Give me milk!
Řanjuns seru fi ttofřisan!
/ʁɑ̃jũʃ ʃeru fi tʼofʁiʃɑ̃/
PREPresent=SUBSubject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-OBJObject (argument).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-give 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I BENBenefactive (case)
recipient of benefit milk-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient
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