General grammar: view article

PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action → shou-
PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing → hou-
REFLReflexive (valency)
argument acts on itself → rhou-
PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed → ou-
PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed.REFLReflexive (valency)
argument acts on itself → rhū-

VOLTVolitive (mood)
to wish for something.REFLReflexive (valency)
argument acts on itself → benevolent mood (speaker means well)
UNUnlikely (mood)
subjunctive, unlikely to occur.REFLReflexive (valency)
argument acts on itself → BELVBelieved (mood/evid)
speaker believes it true
VERVeridical (mood)
truthful, certain.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action → REMRemote past (tense)
'a long time ago'
VERVeridical (mood)
truthful, certain.REFLReflexive (valency)
argument acts on itself → official mood (what the speaker says is established by a rule or a law)
POTPotential (mood)
likely events, ability.PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed.REFLReflexive (valency)
argument acts on itself → DEBDebitive (mood)
'should'.PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed

[top]Phrasal verbs

Certain expressions require a verb form that is used only in the given derived expressions. For example, ”to understand” is rhun nhuu gusdüb, where gusdüp derives from the TRANSLTranslative (case)
becoming form of gust, ”to take”. The word gusdüp alone is meaningless, but it can conjugate when the expression is used. This is referred to as a phrasal verb. Such verbs are compiled under this wordlink.

[top]Syntax

Gak thūraal lög hūthurhüp /gɐʃ θuːɾál løk huːθʊt͡ʃyf/ — through bridge.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient-DEFDefinite
"the" 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing-walk

Oshri has relatively few prepositions whose sense is distinguished mostly by syntax and mutations.

For example, gak always triggers the ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient but its meaning changes depending on its position.

Gak thūraal /gɐʃ θuːɾál/ — across the bridge

Thūraal gak /θuːɾál gɐʃ/ — about the bridge

Gak shūraal /gɐʃ xuːɾál/ — on the bridge (with H-bound mutation)

Prepositions that trigger a mutation should always go right before the mutated word.

Tha rhūn ndūrut shūarhūledir /θɐ t͡ʃuːn nduːɾʊs xuːɐt͡ʃuːleɪ̯ɾ/ — 2FSecond person formal (person)
addressee, formal register (you) in NASMNasal mutation (phonology)
mutation-thought-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few PERFPerfect (aspect/tense)
have verb-ed-1FFirst person formal (person)
I/we, formal-lose_one's_way — I lost myself in your thoughts

Given how a feminine possessee is highlighted (see below), reversing the first two words may thus emphasize the feminine rather than the locative (stressed as having an abstract location because of the nasal mutation).

[top]Possession

Possession is unmarked: the possesser precedes the possessee and both are unmarked. However, a feminine possesser or feminine possessers will trigger the nasal mutation of the possessee if unmutated.

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