Solish Polypersonalism And Pronominal Suffixes
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A description of Solish's pronouns.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 12 Sep 2022, 23:41.
[comments] slxverbverbsverb agreementgrammaragglutinativeagglutinationsyntheticsynthesispolypersonalpolypersonalism
2. Solish Numbers
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Solish has a form of polypersonal agreement. Like many other aspects of the language, it is regular and intuitive to understand, despite the concept seeming complicated at first.In Solish, polypersonalism takes the form of pronominal suffixes attached at the end of verbs. Here's a basic example with one suffix:
Nainnua.
n̪ain̪:ua
sleep-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
I sleep.
The sentence above simply uses nainnu (to sleep) with a (first person singular pronoun) placed at the end.
Pronominal suffixes and polypersonal constructions always come at the end of other grammatical elements like case markers, like so:
Nainnujaksaa.
n̪ain̪:ujaksa:
sleep-CONConative (mood)
try, attempt-PRESPresent tense (tense)
current-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
I am trying to sleep.
This makes it easy to spot in a construction like this and isn't ambiguous.
But what if we want to add a patient into our sentences, and the patient is addressed with a pronoun?
That's where we use the patient pronominal suffix set.
These are identical to the main agent sets, except they have a geminated consonant at the beginning (with the exception of -a, which has an i in front of it).
| 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I | 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive) | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you) | 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) | 3SHThird person singular human (person) neither speaker nor addressee (he/she) | 3PHThird person plural human (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them | 3SNThird person singular non-human (person) neither speaker nor addressee (it, cf. he/she) | 3PNThird person plural non-human (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them | 5SFifth person singular (person) generic person; 'one' should | 5PFifth person plural (person) generic person; "ones" should, "they" say | -ha | -han | -ttai | -ttain | -kku | -kkun | -dda | -ddan | -ppu | -ppun |
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Another quirk with these patient suffixes in particular is that they also go on nouns to mark pronominal possessives. (ex. yvian [our dog] = yv [dog] + jan [first person plural patient])
There is another special marker, called -mit, and is placed after a pronoun to mark it as a reflexive.
Batsadamit.
bat̪sad̪amit̪
speak-PRESPresent tense (tense)
current-3SNThird person singular non-human (person)
neither speaker nor addressee (it, cf. he/she).AGEAgent (role)
cause or initiator of event/action-PATPatient (role)
recipient or target of event/action
It is speaking to itself.
Here is an example with these pronouns:
Batakku.
bat̪ak:u
speak-PRESPresent tense (tense)
current-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.AGEAgent (role)
cause or initiator of event/action-3SHThird person singular human (person)
neither speaker nor addressee (he/she).PATPatient (role)
recipient or target of event/action
I speak to him/her.
Batsataiakkun.
bat̪hat̪*ak:un̪
speak-PRESPresent tense (tense)
current-2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).AGEAgent (role)
cause or initiator of event/action-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.AGEAgent (role)
cause or initiator of event/action-3PHThird person plural human (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them.PATPatient (role)
recipient or target of event/action
You and I are talking to them (those people).
Raumi batkku.
ɾaumi bat̪k:u
Raumi speak-AGEAgent (role)
cause or initiator of event/action-3SHThird person singular human (person)
neither speaker nor addressee (he/she).PATPatient (role)
recipient or target of event/action
Raumi talks to him/her.
Batku Raumi.
bat̪ku ɾaumi
speak-3PHThird person plural human (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them Raumi
He/she talks to Raumi. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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