Adjectives of Kavrinian
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Jun 2018, 05:36.
[comments] kvn
6. Non-finite clause
?
?
11. Use of kay/toy/ne/ha
?
?
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Adjectives may precede or follow the nouns they modify in Kavrinian.
Adjectives decline according to the case, number and animacy of the nouns they modify, but not definiteness. Below are the declensions:
Cases:
- Nominative(animate)/Nominative-Accusative(inanimate): -Ø
- Genitive: -i/-ri(after vowels)
- Dative: -n/-in(after consonants)
- Accusative(animate): -u/-ru(after vowels)
Numbers:
- Singular: -Ø
- Plural: -r/-ër(after consonants)/-ri(when followed by other inflections)
- Paucal: -t/-ët(after consonants)
For adjective ending in -e, the -e is dropped before taking other case endings in singular forms, but the -e is not dropped in non-singular forms.
The order of declension suffixes: (stem)-(numbers)-(cases)
Below are examples of adjective declensions:
The adverb form of an adjective is formed by adding -(ë)k to the end of the adjective.
The complement of Adjectives may indicate a relationship or application between the adjective and the complement, which is similar to the "to" after certain adjectives in English, such as "similar to", "nice to", etc.
The most common way to indicate such relationship between a noun complement and an adjective is by using the postposition kë:
- kogrën kë yön ne - he/she is nice to animals(animal-PL-DAT to nice be.3.SG.AN.HAB)
- yay rinhën kë ha yees - the house is big to that person(that person-DAT to big be.3.SG.INAN.HAB house-DEF)
The postposition kë can be omitted, with the noun complement in the dative case:
- kogrën yön ne - he/she is nice to animals(animal-PL-DAT nice be.3.SG.AN.HAB)
- yay rinhën ha yees - the house is big to that person(that person-DAT big be.3.SG.INAN.HAB house-DEF)
When the noun complement is a personal pronoun, the postposition kë is never used:
- iv yön ne - he/she is nice to you(2.SG.DAT/ACC nice be.3.SG.AN.HAB)
When the relationship between the subject and the noun complement of the adjective is mutual, the postposition të might be used in place of kë:
- vikigeraalërën të kuuz nevi eyonër - humans are related to apes(ape-PL-DAT with related be.3.PL.AN.HAB human-PL)
- okina të cserhče ha tïïlǧona - the computer is connected to the modem(modem-DAT-DEF with connected be.3.SG.INAN.HAB computer-DEF)
However, it is usually seen as acceptable to use kë in these cases:
- vikigeraalërën kë kuuz nevi eyonër - humans are related to apes(ape-PL-DAT to related be.3.PL.AN.HAB human-PL)
- okina kë cserhče ha tïïlǧona - the computer is connected to the modem(modem-DAT-DEF to connected be.3.SG.INAN.HAB computer-DEF)
Adjectives can be used as nouns directly by adding -e/-ye to the end of the adjective. When used as nouns, it indicates the meaning "one that is..." or "something that is...", and the preceding definite articles si(for animates) and sa(for inanimates) are used. For example:
- töön "good" - si tööne "the good, the good one(animate)"
- vuu "big" - sa vuuye "the big, the big one(inanimate)"
The adjectives used as nouns still decline as normal adjectives. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments
