The numeral

== IV. THE NUMERAL ==

§13. Cardinal Numbers [which answer the question cuanti? how many?] are either roots, e. g. 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri,
10 des, or compound words, e. g. 20 du-des, 34 tri-des-catru.

The following are roots: 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 catru, 5 kincu, 6 secs, 7 setu, 8 otu, 9 novu, 0 nuli, 10 des, 100 hecto,
1,000 kilo, 1,000,000 milion, 1,000,000,000 bilion, 1,000,000,000,000 trilion, 1,000,000,000,000,000 catrilion,
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 kinkilion. The rest are formed from these by composition, des with other numerals being
always combined into one word, hecto, on the contrary, only when another numeral precedes; the higher numerals, kilo,
milion, bilion, etc., always stand alone, e. g.

1. un. 10. des. 11. desun.
2. du. 20. dudes. 12. desdu.
3. tri. 30. trides. 21. dudesun.
4. catru. 40. catrudes. 32. tridesdu.
5. kincu. 50. kincudes. 46. catrudessecs.
6. secs. 60. secsdes. 101. hecto un.
7. setu. 70. setudes. 120. hecto dudes.
8. otu. 80. otudes. 200. duhecto.
9. novu. 90. novudes. 873. otuhecto setudestri.
0. nuli. 100. hecto or unhecto. 1000. kilo.
1001. kilo un. 1020. kilo dudes. 1300. kilo trihecto.
3000. tri kilo. 10000. des kilo. 100000. hecto kilo.

1000000. milion. 2000000. du milion.
1000000000. bilion.

25,768,194. dudeskincu milion setuhecto secsdesotu kilo unhecto novudescatru.

§14. The ordinal numbers [which answer the question cuantime? which of the number? what number? which? What?
(what-th, if there were such word)] are formed from the cardinal numbers by the addition of the suffix –imi to the
respective cardinal number, and to the last word of the cardinal, e. g. 1. unimi first, 2. duimi second, 7. setuimi
seventh, 30. tridesimi thirtieth, 100. hectoimi hundredth, 120. hecto dudesimi hundred and twentieth,
325. trihecto dudeskincuimi three hundred and twenty-fifth, 1000. kiloimi thousandth, etc., but it is allowed to use
instead of the derived forms the following seven well-known roots: 1. primi first, 2. secundi second, 3. tersi
third, 4. cuarti fourth, 5. cuinti fifth, 6. secsti sixth, and 8. otavi eighth. –It is also permitted to use the
cardinals instead of the ordinals, if the sense shows that there is no question of a cardinal; but in this case
the cardinal must occupy the same sense in the sentence that the ordinal would, if it were used, namely after
the substantive (see below, §19), e. g. § des § 10, pagino trihecto dudeskincu page 325.

§15. Multiplicatives [which answer the question cuantuple? how many fold?] are formed by the addition of the
suffix -uple to the respective cardinal number, and to the last word of the cardinal, (or –ple if the cardinal
number ends in u) e.g. 1. unuple simple, 2. duple double, twofold, 3. triuple three-fold, triple, treble,
105. hecto kincuple hundred and fivefold, etc., but it is allowed to use instead of the derived forms the
following three well-known roots: 1. simple simple, 3. triple threefold, triple, treble.

Remark. The suffix -uple is used also with the word muti many: mutiuple manifold, multiple.

§16. The distributives [which answer the question a cuanti? how many apiece? each how many? by how many?] are formed
by placing the preposition a before the respective cardinal number, e.g. a un one apiece, one each, one by one,
a du two apiece, two each, two by two, etc.

§17. The iteratives [which answer the question cuantefoe? how many times? and cuantimefoe? for the which time? for
the what (what-th; see § 14) time? for the how many-th (?) time?] are formed by the addition of the suffix -foe to
the respective cardinal or ordinal, and to the last word of the cardinal or ordinal, e.g. 1. unfoe once,
2. dufoe twice, 100. hectofoe a hundred times, 1. primifoe for the first time, 139. hecto tridesnovuimifoe for
the one hundred and thirty-ninth time, etc.

Remark. The suffix -foe can be used also with other parts of speech, e.g. mutefoe many times, utimifoe for the
last time, etc.

§18. Fractions are formed by a cardinal (for the numerator) with an ordinal ending in –o (for the denominator)
following it, e.g. ½ un secundio or un demio, 2/3 du tersios, 0.2 du desimios, 0.03 tri hectoimios,
2/109 du unhecto novuimios, 0.007 setu kiloimios. If a fraction is used with a whole number, the fraction is joined
to the whole number by the conjunction e, e.g. 3 ¼ tri e un cuartio, p = 3.14159.... = tri totalos e un catro un kincu
novu e s., 0.145... nuli totalos e un catro kincu e s.

§19. Cardinal numbers and fractions always precede the substantive to which they belong, e.g. du cavalos two horses,
tri cuartios metro ¾ meter; — the remaining numerals always follow the substantive or verb to which they belong,
e.g. paragrafo secundo § 2, plesiro duplo double pleasure, nos andava a du we went by twos, mi clamata trifoe I
shouted three times.

§20. Numeral adverbs are formed by replacing the final i of the respective ordinal for the adverbial suffix -e, e.g.
1. prime first, 2. secunde secondly, etc.

§21. Numeral verbs are formed by the addition of the suffix -ifar to multiplicatives, e.g.
simplifar to simplify, duplifar to double, etc.

§22. Dating takes place in the following manner: in diurno tridesimi de menso yulio de ano kilo novuhectoimi po nato
de Cristo, which, by the omission of the words printed in ordinary roman, and even of the word in, is usually shortened
to: tridesimi yulio, kilo novuhecto 30 July, 1900.

The twelve months of the year are called: yanuaro, februaro, marso, aprilo, mayo, yunio, yulio, augusto, setembro,
otobro, novembro, desembro.

The seven days of the week are called: solodio, lunodio, marsodio, mercurodio, yovodio, vendrodio, saturnodio.

§23. The time of day is expressed in the following manner: [it es] horo tri e un cuartio, it is quarter after
three; horo tri e des minutos, ten minutes after three; horo tri e kincudescatru [minutos], six minutes to four;
in horo setuimi de matino, between six and seven o'clock in the morning.
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