Phichene Nouns
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Overview of the nominal declension
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3. Phichene Nouns
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4. Phichene Numerals
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5. Phichene Pronouns
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Nouns in Phichene inflect for gender, number and case. There are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter; two numbers: singular and plural; and there are five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and prepositional. There are several declensional paradigms.
A-stem nouns are mostly feminine and they end in -á or -a.
Case | vopá (f) “stream” | hémela (f) “woman” | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | vopá [voˈpɔa̯] | vopás [voˈpɔa̯s] | hémela [ˈɪ̯ɛmela] | hémelás [emeˈlɔa̯s] |
Accusative | vopám [voˈpɔa̯n] | vopanth [ˈvɔpaf] | hémelám [emeˈlɔa̯n] | hémelanth [ˈɪ̯ɛmelaf] |
Genitive | vopás [voˈpɔa̯s] | vopárm [voˈpɔa̯n] | hémelás [emeˈlɔa̯s] | hémelárm [emeˈlɔa̯n] |
Dative | vopái [voˈpɔi̯] | vopies* [ˈvɔpʲɛs] | hémelái [emeˈlɔi̯] | hémelies* [ˈɪ̯ɛmelʲɛs] |
Prepositional | vopádh [voˈpɔe̯] | hémeládh [emeˈlɔe̯] |
O-stem nouns are mostly masculine and neuter but there are a few feminine ones as well. If masculine or feminine, they end in -as, and if neuter, they end in -am.
Case | vachnas (m) “year” | tólam (n) “gift” | tomas (f) “home” | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | vachnas [ˈvaxnas] | vachnós [vaxˈnɔu̯s] | tólam [ˈtɔu̯lan] | tólá [toˈlɔa̯] | tomas [ˈtomas] | tomós [toˈmɔu̯s] |
Accusative | vachnam [ˈvaxnan] | vachnonth [ˈvaxnɔf] | tomam [ˈtoman] | tomonth [ˈtomɔf] | ||
Genitive | vachnasi [ˈvaxnaʃ] | vachnam [ˈvaxnan] | tólasi [ˈtɔu̯laʃ] | tólam [ˈtɔu̯lan] | tomasi [ˈtomaʃ] | toman [ˈtoman] |
Dative | vachnóe [vaxˈnei̯] | vachnies* [ˈvaʃnʲɛs] | tólóe [toˈlei̯] | tólies* [ˈtɔu̯lʲɛs] | tomóe [toˈmei̯] | tomies* [ˈtomʲɛs] |
Prepositional | vachnódh [vaxˈnɔu̯w] | tólódh [toˈlɔu̯w] | tomódh [toˈmɔu̯w] |
Consonants-stem nouns can be of any gender and they end in a variety of consonants. There are several subtypes of this declension. This group includes many irregular nouns.
E-stems | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AS/ER-stem | S/R-stem | O/EN-stem | AR/EN-stem | Ó/EL-stem | IN/EL-stem | Zero-stem | |
techas (n) | valbós (m) | nháthiho (f) | tiepar (n) | iemó (m) | lómin (n) | hór (m) | |
“dignity” | “tree” | “family” | “liver” | “human” | “name” | “thief” | |
SINGULAR | |||||||
Nominative | techas [ˈtexas] | valbós [vɔˈbɔu̯s] | nháthiho [ˈnɔ̯aʒo] | tiepar [ˈt͡ʃepar] | iemó [jɛˈmɔu̯] | lómin [ˈlɔu̯min] | hór [ɔ̯ur] |
Accusative | valbórm [vɔˈbɔu̯n] | nháthihenim [ˈnɔ̯aʒenin] | iemelim [ˈjɛmelin] | lómelim [ˈlɔu̯melin] | hórim [ˈɔ̯urim] | ||
Genitive | techers [ˈtexeʃ] | valbórs [vɔˈbɔu̯ʃ] | nháthihenis [ˈnɔ̯aʒenis] | tiepenis [ˈt͡ʃepenis] | iemelis [ˈjɛmelis] | lómelis [ˈlɔu̯melis] | hóris [ˈɔ̯uris] |
Dative | techeréi [texeˈrɛi̯] | valbóréi [vɔboˈrɛi̯] | nháthihenéi [ɲaʒeˈnɛi̯] | tiepenéi [t͡ʃepeˈnɛi̯] | iemeléi [jɛmeˈlɛi̯] | lómeléi [lomeˈlɛi̯] | hóréi [oˈrɛi̯] |
Prepositional | techerídh [texeˈʒij] | valbórídh [vɔboˈʒij] | nháthihenídh [ɲaʒeˈnij] | tiepenídh [t͡ʃepeˈnij] | iemelídh [jɛmeˈlij] | lómelídh [lomeˈlij] | hórídh [oˈʒij] |
PLURAL | |||||||
Nominative | techerá [texeˈrɔa̯] | valbórs [vɔˈbɔu̯ʃ] | nháthihenis [ˈnɔ̯aʒenis] | tiepená [t͡ʃepeˈnɔa̯] | iemelis [ˈjɛmelis] | lómelis [ˈlɔu̯melis] | hóris [ˈɔ̯uris] |
Accusative | valbórenth [vɔˈbɔu̯rɛf] | nháthihenenth [ˈnɔ̯aʒenɛf] | iemelenth [ˈjɛmelɛf] | lómelenth [ˈlɔu̯melɛf] | hórenth [ˈɔ̯urɛf] | ||
Genitive | techeram [ˈtexeran] | valbóram [vɔˈbɔu̯ran] | nháthihenam [ˈnɔ̯aʒenan] | tiepenam [ˈt͡ʃepenan] | iemelam [ˈjɛmelan] | lómelam [ˈlɔu̯melan] | hóram [ˈɔ̯uran] |
Dative | techeras [ˈtexeras] | valbóras [vɔˈbɔu̯ras] | nháthihenas [ˈnɔ̯aʒenas] | tiepenas [ˈt͡ʃepenas] | iemelas [ˈjɛmelas] | lómelas [ˈlɔu̯melas] | hóras [ˈɔ̯uras] |
Prepositional |
E-stems | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AS/ER-stem | S/R-stem | O/EN-stem | AR/EN-stem | Ó/EL-stem | IN/EL-stem | Zero-stem | Irregular |
cenas (n) “type” hachnas (n) “action” holcas (n) “lightning” moelas (n) “service” rovhas (n) “countryside” techas (n) “dignity” tiovhas (n) “law” vahas (n) “bronze” vhenas (f) “love” | liós (m) “flower” sfés (f) “hope” valbós (m) “tree” vhodós (f) “dawn” | chráfro (m) “hornet” nháthiho (f) “family” | tiepar (n) “liver” hemar* (n) “thigh” | iemó (m) “human” | lómin (n) “name” | hór (m) “thief” nér (m) “leader” | bós (f) “cow” tius (m) “day” vhís (f) “strength” |
* Note: inflected forms of hemar actually contain the suffix -el rather than -en because of the nasal in the root.
R-stems | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ÉR/R-stem | ER/R-stem | ÓR/R-stem | D/NH-stem | T/NH-stem | Ó/N-stem | |
huchthér (f) | máther (f) | sfefór (f) | vhedar (n) | vutar (n) | charó (f) | |
“daughter” | “mother” | “sister” | “spring” | “water” | “meat” | |
SINGULAR | ||||||
Nominative | huchthér [uˈʃɛa̯r] | máther [ˈmɔ̯aver] | sfefór [ʃeˈfɔu̯r] | vhedar [ˈmedar] | vutar [ˈvutar] | charó [xaˈrɔu̯] |
Accusative | huchthrim [ˈuʃrin] | máthrim [ˈmɔ̯avrin] | sféfrim [ˈʃɛfrin] | charnim [ˈxaɲin] | ||
Genitive | huchthris [ˈuʃris] | máthris [ˈmɔ̯avris] | sfefris [ˈʃɛfris] | vhenhis [ˈmɛɲis] | vunhis [ˈvuɲis] | charnis [ˈxaɲis] |
Dative | huchthréi [uʃˈrɛi̯] | máthréi [mavˈrɛi̯] | sfefréi [ʃefˈrɛi̯] | vhenhéi [meˈɲɛi̯] | vunhéi [vuˈɲɛi̯] | charnim [xaˈɲɛi̯] |
Prepositional | huchthrídh [uˈʒːij] | máthrídh [mavˈʒij] | sfefrídh [ʃevˈʒij] | vhenhídh [meˈɲij] | vunhídh [vuˈɲij] | charnídh [xaˈɲij] |
PLURAL | ||||||
Nominative | huchthris [ˈuʃris] | máthris [ˈmɔ̯avris] | sfefris [ˈʃɛfris] | vhenhá [meˈɲɔa̯] | vunhá [vuˈɲɔa̯] | charnis [ˈxaɲis] |
Accusative | huchthrenth [ˈuʃrɛf] | máthrenth [ˈmɔ̯avrɛf] | sfefrenth [ˈʃɛfrɛf] | charnenth [ˈxaɲɛf] | ||
Genitive | huchthram [ˈuʃran] | máthram [ˈmɔ̯avran] | sfefram [ˈʃɛfran] | vhenham [ˈmɛɲan] | vunham [vuɲan] | charnam [ˈxaɲan] |
Dative | huchthras [ˈuʃras] | máthras [ˈmɔ̯avras] | sfefras [ˈʃɛfras] | vhenhas [ˈmɛɲas] | vunhas [ˈvuɲas] | charnas [ˈxaɲas] |
Prepositional |
S-stems | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
H/CH-stem | H/GH-stem | Zero-stem | ||
liuhs (f) | hlihs (f) | vapiths (f) | chaphith (n) | |
“light” | “snow” | “fir (tree)” | “head” | |
SINGULAR | ||||
Nominative | liuhs [ʒis] | hlihs [lʊi̯s] | vapiths [ˈvapiʃ] | chaphith [ˈxafi] |
Accusative | liuchim [ˈʒixin] | hlighim [ˈlifin] | vapithim [ˈvapin] | |
Genitive | liuchis [ˈʒixis] | hlighis [ˈlifis] | vapithis [ˈvapis] | chaphithis [ˈxafis] |
Dative | liuchéi [ʒiˈxɛi̯] | hlighéi [liˈfɛi̯] | vapithéi [vapˈjɛi̯] | chaphithéi [xafˈjɛi̯] |
Prepositional | liuchídh [ʒiˈʃij] | hlighídh [liˈfij] | vapithídh [vaˈpij] | chaphithídh [xaˈfij] |
PLURAL | ||||
Nominative | liuchis [ˈʒixis] | hlighis [ˈlifis] | vapithis [ˈvapis] | chaphithá [xafˈjɔa̯] |
Accusative | liuchenth [ˈʒixɛf] | hlighenth [ˈlifɛf] | vapithenth [ˈvapjɛf] | |
Genitive | liucham [ˈʒixan] | hligham [ˈlifan] | vapitham [ˈvapjan] | chaphitham [ˈxafjan] |
Dative | liuchas [ˈʒixas] | hlighas [ˈlibas] | vapithas [ˈvapjas] | chaphithas [ˈxafjas] |
Prepositional |
Irregular: tenths (f) "tooth"
I-stem nouns can belong to any gender, ending in -is if masculine or feminine, and -i if neuter. ****ADD FORMS WITH -ós****
Case | vohthis (m) “guest” | chlávhis (f) “key” | meri (n) “sea” | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | vohthis [ˈvɔu̯vis] | vohthés [vuˈvɛa̯s] | chlávhis [ˈʃɔa̯mis] | chlávhés [ʃaˈmɛa̯s] | meri [ˈmeri] | meriá* [meˈʒɔa̯] |
Accusative | vohthim [ˈvɔu̯vin] | vohthinth [ˈvɔu̯vif] | chlávim [ˈʃɔa̯min] | chlávhinth [ˈʃɔa̯mif] | ||
Genitive | vohthis** [ˈvɔu̯vis] | vohthiam* [ˈvɔu̯vʲan] | chlávhis** [ˈʃɔa̯mis] | chlávhiam* [ˈʃɔa̯mʲan] | meris** [ˈmeʒis] | meriam* [meˈʒan] |
Dative | vohthéi [vuˈvɛi̯] | vohthibs [ˈvɔu̯vip] | chlávhéi [ʃaˈmɛi̯] | chlávhibs [ˈʃɔa̯mip] | meréi [meˈrɛi̯] | meribs [ˈmerip] |
Prepositional | vohthídh** [vuˈvij] | chlávhídh** [ʃaˈmij] | merídh** [meˈʒij] |
A special subset of i-stem nouns are agent nouns ending in -thor or -tor and -thrihs.
Case | vhénáthor (m) “male hunter” | vhénáthrihs (f) “female hunter” | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | vhénáthor [maˈnɔa̯vor] | vhénáthórés [manɔvuˈrɛa̯s] | vhénáthrihs [maˈnɔa̯vriʃ] | vhénáthríchés [manɔvriˈxɛa̯s] |
Accusative | vhénáthórim [manɔˈvɔu̯rin] | vhénáthórinth [manɔˈvɔu̯rif] | vhénáthríchim [manɔˈvrɯi̯xin] | vhénáthríchinth [manɔˈvrɯi̯xif] |
Genitive | vhénáthóris [manɔˈvɔu̯ris] | vhénáthóriam [manɔˈvɔu̯ʒan] | vhénáthríchis [manɔˈvrɯi̯xis] | vhénáthríchiam [manɔˈvrɯi̯çan] |
Dative | vhénáthóréi [manɔvuˈrɛi̯] | vhénáthóribs [manɔˈvɔu̯rip] | vhénáthríchéi [manɔvriˈxɛi̯] | vhénáthríchibs [manɔˈvrɯi̯xip] |
Prepositional | vhénáthórídh [manɔvuˈrij] | vhénáthríchídh [manɔvriˈxij] |
U-stem nouns can also be of any gender. They end in -is if masculine or feminine, and in -i if neuter (their nominative singular forms are identical to those of i-stem nouns).
Case | ciuhthis (m) “taste” | malis (f) “hand” | biri (n) “spit” | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | ciuhthis [ˈt͡ʃijis] | ciuhthiús [t͡ʃiˈjis] | malis [ˈmalis] | maliús [maˈlis] | biri [ˈbiri] | birá [biˈrɔa̯] |
Accusative | ciuhthim [ˈt͡ʃijin] | ciuhthunth [ˈt͡ʃivuf] | malim [ˈmalin] | malunth [ˈmaluf] | ||
Genitive | ciuhthius* [ˈt͡ʃijis] | ciuhthum [ˈt͡ʃivun] | malius* [ˈmalʲis] | malum [ˈmalun] | birius* [ˈbiʒis] | birum [ˈbirun] |
Dative | ciuhthéi [t͡ʃiˈjɛi̯] | ciuhthubs [ˈt͡ʃivup] | maléi [maˈlɛi̯] | malubs [ˈmalup] | biréi [biˈrɛi̯] | birubs [ˈbirup] |
Prepositional | ciuhthúdh [t͡ʃiˈvʊo̯] | malúdh [maˈlʊo̯] | birúdh [biˈrʊo̯] |
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