Verbal Suffixes
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 30 Jun 2016, 11:25.
[comments] yabverbs
1. Bound Particles
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2. History o Yabushio
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4. Pitch Accent
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6. Verb classes
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7. Verbal Suffixes
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The following table lists all conjugable suffixes (助動詞 jodōshi), and their respective conjugations.| stem form | meaning | base form | irrealis | adverbial | conclusive | attributive | realis | imperative | conjugation class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| irrealis | passive honorific potential spontaneous | る ru | re | a. re b. rei c. re | ru | rut | rure | reyo | lower-bigrade |
| らる raru | rare | a. rare b. rarei c. rare | raru | rarut | rarure | rareyo | |||
| causative | す su | se | a. se b. sei c. sa | su | sut | sure | seyo | lower-bigrade | |
| さす sasu | sase | a. sase b. sasei c. sase | sasu | sasut | sasure | saseyo | |||
| negative | ず zu | a. zara c. zā | a. zai b. zai c. zā | zu | b. zat d. (nu) | zare | zare | irregular | |
| adverbial | past | け ke* | kera | a. ke b. kei c. ke, kē | ke | ket | a. kere c. kē | — | irregular |
| perfect | た ta* | c. tā d. tara | a. tai b. tai c. tā | ta | tat | tare | — | irregular | |
| desiderative | たし tashi* | a. takara c. takā | a. takai b. tọ̄ | tashi | tai | a. takere c. takē | — | u-class | |
| evidential speculative | らし rashi | a. rashikara c. rashikā | a. rashikai b. rashū | rashi | rashii | a. rashikere c. rashikē | — | shu-class | |
| progressive durative | め me | mera | a. me b. mei c. me | me | met | a. mere c. mē | — | irregular | |
| intentional commissive | てなす tenasu* | tenasa | tenashi | tenasu | tenasut | tenase | tenase | quintigrade | |
| durative future evidential | ちゅく chuku | chuka | chuki | chuku | chukut | chuke | chuke | quintigrade | |
| intentional passive | たる taru | tara | tari | taru | tarut | tare | tare | quintigrade | |
| preparatory | とく toku | toka | toki | toku | tokut | toke | toke | quintigrade | |
| conclusive | necessitative imperative hortative expectational | べし beshi | a. bekara c. bekā | a. bekai b. bọ̄ | beshi | bei | a. bekere c. bekē | — | u-class |
| assumptive inferential | らし rashi | a. rashikara c. rashikā | a. rashikai b. rashū | rashi | rashii | a. rashikere c. rashikē | — | shu-class | |
| firsthand evidential | 表な fyō na* | a. fyō nara c. fyō nā | a. fyō nai b. fyō ni | fyō na | fyō no | fyō nare | fyō nare | copular | |
| secondhand evidential | そうな sọ̄ na | a. sọ̄ nara c. sọ̄ nā | a. sọ̄ nai b. sọ̄ ni | sọ̄ na | sọ̄ no | sọ̄ nare | sọ̄ nare | copular | |
| comparative equitative dubitative | 様な yọ̄ na* | a. yọ̄ nara c. yọ̄ nā | a. yọ̄ nai b. yọ̄ ni | yọ̄ na | yọ̄ no | yọ̄ nare | yọ̄ nare | couplar | |
| realis | conclusive indicative | な na | a. nara c. nā | a. nai b. ni | na | no | nare | nare | copular |
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