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Scribble notes for various grammatical aspects of PAV
This private article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 4 Jan 2020, 00:49.
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1. Personal scribble
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2. The Voranian Elves
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Adjective affixes:
-tayo - Inherent quality*
-mi - Color
-ka - Temporary state
-shiga - Similarity
-pônha - Feelings & sensations
*only used when adjective appears in predicate position; otherwise, the adjective stem is attached to the noun in question
Pronouns (for people):
yâi - 1st person: the speaker
tôi - 2nd person: person close in proximity to the speaker; not necessarily the person being spoken to
kai - 3rd person: person not close in proximity to the speaker, but part of the same in-group
âgai - 4th person: person not part of the same in-group as the speaker
What constitutes the in-group is very ambiguous, thus the use of the right pronoun is quite sensitive to context
PAV is collective-singulative, meaning that nouns in their basic form refers to several or all of certain items, and they are marked when one has to indicate that you're referring to a single object. Pronouns are the same, meaning that unless they are marked as singulative, they refer to a group of people. When it comes to 1st person plural, however, there is some nuance;
yâyôza - the speaker and their in-group (usually non-inclusive)
yâyâgai - when the speaker refers to themself + someone outside in-group (usually inclusive)
yâdôi - referring to the speaker + whoever is around (always inclusive)
Animacy distinctions:
Intangible, animate and inanimate nouns
Sub-classes of intangible nouns in hierarchical order (highest to lowest):
Gods & spirits (includes the sun, moon & stars)
Passing of time, changing of seasons, weather, seismic activity etc. (includes air & atmosphere)
Birth, life, growth of plants (includes as of yet unborn babies)
Death & decomposition (includes people who have died)
Feelings & emotions
People (collectively)
Fire
Sub-classes of animate nouns in hierarchical order (highest to lowest):
People within in-group (-(y)ôza)
People outside in-group (-kaya)
Large mammals & birds (-ta)
Small mammals & birds (-no)
Aquatic animals (-(y)êna)
Reptiles & insects (-pôto
Sub-classes of inanimate nouns in hierarchical order (highest to lowest):
Vegetation (includes fruits & vegetables) (-(y)øle)
Individual body parts (-kâ)
Corpses, cadavers, dead trees & plants (-(y)âro)
Everything else (-lo)
All nouns (except abstract) are given a suffix based on their class, and their animacy determines how the verb is conjugated. For example, an inanimate noun can never be the agent of a transitive verb; abstract nouns and animate nouns use different verb suffixes, etc.
Postpositions/noun cases:
-pêya - adessive (near, at, around)
-uyo - antessive (before, in front of)
-ê - locative (in, at)
-nhô - superessive (placed on the surface of something)
-aye - firmly attached to the surface of something
-kø - lative (towards)
-sô - inherent part of something
-kabo - terminative (until, as far as)
-sâ - ablative (from)
-taya - benefactive (marks the benefactor of an action)
-nâ - genitive case (marks the owner of something)
-tanô - instrumental (marks something with which an action is performed)
-nôa - being covered in something
Verb affixes:
Abstract: -râ
Animate transitive: -wa
Animate intransitive: -(y)a
Inanimate intransitive: -sâ
Inanimate transitive (passive): -shisâ
Verb tenses & aspects:
Habitual (-tayo)
Progressive (-ka)
Future (-lha)
Present perfect progressive (-nha)
Perfective (-tô)
Present perfect (-tônha)
Imperfective (-ma) ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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