Higher Noun Forms
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Functions of the 3 Higher Noun Forms
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 7 Jan 2020, 22:15.
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1. Higher Noun Forms
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2. Lower Noun Forms
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3. Noun Forms
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4. Tense-Aspect-Mood
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The Higher Noun FormsThere are three "Higher Noun Forms" in Proto-Drao-Parn. These forms are different than noun case because they deal with relationships between nouns and the world (including the speaker, listener, other nouns, anything) rather than their grammatical function. These forms are also used in conjunction with case, but they do not decline like typical nouns--they take suffixes or particles, similar to verb aspect. Higher Noun Forms are most commonly used in literature in Bulgrojma, and it is likely that they would have been used only for poetry and music in PDP, not for everyday speech.
In order to use Higher Noun Forms, one must first decline the noun into the proper form. This is easy--masculine nouns simply add "-аў" while feminine nouns add "-ў" to their nominative form. Particles are then used to distinguish between which form you wish to use.
Краа - The General Form (Higher Noun Form A)
This is by far the most difficult noun form to use and understand because it is very nuanced and often impossible to accurately translate. It is easiest to explain by example:
Бвораа Этѓаqаў краа - The Night's Watch
Here, we use the General Form because we are connecting "night" to a "watch" or "sentry". One could say «Этѓаqай Бвораа»--and for everyday speech, this probably would be the case--but for poetic purposes it does not capture the idea of it as well as the Relative or General forms can. Because this relationship isn't very tangible, the General Form is preferred in this instance.
We can also use the General Form for more poetic purposes. For example:
«Іљя свамы рашяђа͡у» - I drink alcohol
«Іљя свамы рашяђаў ију краа» - connects alcohol to something else; implies an ulterior motive or that something is going on that connects with alcohol (and «ију» is the particle marking the accusative case)
«Іљя свамы рашяђа͡у ију луњосаў краа» - connects sadness to the idea of drinking alcohol without actually making any statements about how it does; it is not saying "I drink alcohol when I'm sad" or "I drink alcohol because I'm sad", it simply makes the connection between those two things.
The General Form is also used to make inferences (e.g., «Александор букраа бракамав», I think it's Alexander). This will be covered in another article.
Каўц - The Relative Form (Higher Noun Form B)
This is like the General Form, but it strictly expresses tangible relationships between nouns. The tangibility (and therefore which form to use) is up to the speaker. For example:
«Брайқ штайксє Ілб Қя» - You are important to me (General Form)
Note:Pronouns do not follow the pattern for regular nouns! They have their own Higher and Lower forms!
«Булгройма ікслямав јэҳай пғосоки͡у мэс саїшкєт ағастаў ийс каўц» - Bulgrojma has many features from other languages, where languages (ағастаў ийс каўц) is in the Relative Form with the prepositional particle ийс.
Modification Form (Higher Noun Form C)
The Modification Form is the most straightforward of the Higher Noun Forms. It is used when a noun is modified by another noun, a proper adjective (such as a name of a country), or to demonstrate a union between two things. A particle is not used for this form; simply decline the noun as you would for another Higher Noun Form and continue. For example:
«Дра͡о-Парн Ағстаў» - The Drao-Parn Language ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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