Syntax of Denpa
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4. Syntax of Denpa
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
- Basic Word Order: SOV
- Adpositions are postpositions
- Possessors, adjectives, determiners, relative clauses precede the nouns they modify
The Denpa language does not have nominal cases, nor does it have adpositions for the subject or the direct object. The subject and the direct object of a clause is determined by word order, and occasionally by the context.
Relative clauses precede the nouns they modify.
Noun clauses end with tni
The Denpa language does not have dedicated words or affixes specifically for definiteness, definiteness is determined by context, or marked with the use of personal affixes or determiners with definite meanings(i.e. demonstratives)
The Denpa language uses decimal, with 20, 30, 40 and 50 being irregular. Below are the numerals in Denpa:
Denpa numerals, quantifiers and demonstratives are always used with classifiers when modifying nouns. Below are the classifiers in Denpa:
| word | meaning | use |
|---|---|---|
| kor | “individual” | generic classifier, also for counting people |
| tich | for counting animals and hands and feet | |
| kap | “head” | for counting animals |
| tsʻon | “root” | for counting plants and certain long objects |
| mom | “grain, mote” | for counting small objects such as a grain of wheat or barley |
| pchit | “seal” | for counting letters, mails, etc. |
| hok | “seat” | for counting certain large objects like mansions, mountains and statues |
| gba | “home” | for counting group of people or establishments |
| sod | “frame, rack” | for counting certain kinds of macninary like aircrafts |
| tat | “place” | for counting performances and sports |
| pain | “time” | for counting occurrences |
| em | “handle, grip, hilt” | for counting objects with handles |
| ru | for counting round objects | |
| bod | “stripe” | for counting long objects |
| chraim | “face” | for counting certain flat objects |
| tsul | “slice, flake” | for counting flat objects, cards, sliced objects |
| drakn | “width” | for counting drawings and such |
| grab | “volume” | for counting volumes of books |
| chkir | “edition” | for counting books |
| t'ul | “part” | for counting narrations(i.e. novels, movies, animations) and vehicles |
| tslaim | “share, copy” | for counting copies or portions |
| rip | “pull” | for counting horses and some other animals |
| tair | “stretch” | for counting flat objects |
| t'ok | “opening” | for counting objects with an opening cf. a well |
| pim | for counting trees | |
| mlaim | “bloom, blossom” | for counting flowers |
| chid | “component” | for counting certain items like tasks, clothings, etc. |
| vaik | for counting small, flat objects, certain pieces of jewel, etc. | |
| gmi | “gap, interval, room” | for counting houses, rooms, etc. |
| mun | “name” | polite classifier for counting people |
| dan | “position” | polite classifier for counting people |
| man | “way” | for counting linear objects, procedures, orders, etc. |
| pni | “meal” | for counting meals |
| for counting certain actions | ||
| pats | “item” | for counting items, projects, ideas, etc. |
| haip | for counting ships, boats, etc. | |
| baits | “sheet(of paper)” | for counting written works |
| chraim | “face” | for counting flat objects |
| mil | “door” | for counting areas of knowledge |
| gaits | “platform” | for counting machines |
| bu | for counting vehicles | |
| mrbi | “layer” | for counting layers, storeys of buildings, etc. |
Like Chinese, classifiers can suffix to certain nouns to form the collective of the corresponding nouns:
- ptad "flower(individual flowers)"
- ptadmlaim "flowers(collectivity of flowers)"
- bga "car(individual cars)"
- bgabu "cars(collectivity of cars)"
- kʻain "dog(individual dogs)"
- kʻaintich "dogs(collectivity of dogs)"
However, these expressions are mostly set expressions, and not all classifiers can be used for the collective form of nouns.
Numerals could be reduplicated, the reduplication of numerals indicate the distributive numeral. The classifier of the numeral is redpulicated as well. for example:
- a-kor kla "one person"
- a-kor a-kor kla "one person each"
- haitʻ-chkir trad "three books"
- haitʻ-chkir haitʻ-chkir trad "three books each"
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