Venuzian grammatical cases
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A brief explanation of the Venuzian case system with examples
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 5 Nov 2021, 13:12.
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
In work with cases, Venuzian language shows its deep agglutinativeness. Little deviation is observed only in some cases when working with words ending with vowels: in these situations, the last vowel is discarded and the affix is added to base on penultimate vowel or on last consonant.
1st group is most often referred to as the main cases and includes 6 positions. These cases are usually described as standard cases found in different quantities in other languages with case system. These are: Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Causal, Instrumental and Translative. Inflections formation in this group is directly dependent on the paradigm system.
| Animate 1st p. | Animate 2sd p. | Inanimate 1st p. | Inanimate 2sd p. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | - | - | - | - |
| Plural | -i, -s | -ni, -n | -e, -k, -ek | -ki, -*ki |
'Aho chhri?' - Where is worms?
'Œtlam ulieak' - People living
| Animate 1st p. | Animate 2sd p. | Inanimate 1st p. | Inanimate 2sd p. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -um | -u | -t | -ta |
| Plural | -e | -em | -te | -tu |
Ir ezaim en emhhru – I will eat the human
Eelvhhxu en kenhhtet – I'm reading a book
| Animate 1st p. | Animate 2sd p. | Inanimate 1st p. | Inanimate 2sd p. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -an | -a | -en | -en |
| Plural | -am | -am | -enk | -enk |
E kelis nartalim himerenk etle - the sun gives life to the day
| Animate 1st p. | Animate 2sd p. | Inanimate 1st p. | Inanimate 2sd p. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -*nt | -*t | -*c | -*c |
| Plural | -*nd | -*d | -*nc | -*nc |
Shhx́i kelisnc – he died because of sun
| Animate 1st p. | Animate 2sd p. | Inanimate 1st p. | Inanimate 2sd p. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -om | -o | -os | -us |
| Plural | -ot | -od | -ons | -uns |
| Animate 1st p. | Animate 2sd p. | Inanimate 1st p. | Inanimate 2sd p. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -vo | -ov | -*mm | -*mme |
| Plural | -vu | -vom | -*mma | -*mmu |
| Case | Affix | Examples | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ablative | -tor | ||
| Sublative | -le | ||
| Superessive | -*n | ||
| Inessive | -oen | ||
| Elative | -vol | ||
| Adessive | -nal | ||
| Delative | -lor | ||
| Terminative | -iǵl |
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