Pummarian [PUMR]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 28 October 2023
Language type
A posteriori
Species
Human/humanoid
About Pummarian
North Germanic language spoken in the region of coastal Pomerania in Poland and by expatriates mostly in Germany, Brazil, Canada and the US. Most closely related to Swedish. Has many German, Kashubian and Polish borrowings unheard of in other Norse languages. Underwent complicated sound changes.
Here are some of them:
- Combined peripheral-central and front-back vowel harmony. The latter being less strict.
- Diphthongisation of all long vowels. The non-syllabic segment functions as a consonant.
- Devoicing of voiced consonants like in Danish. Word-internal p, t, k are unaspirated and thus merge with b, d, g.
- Most v, b, d, g between syllables and in the ends of words disappear, except in some troublesome positions (e.g. stoadir /ˈsd̥ɔa̯.d̥iɾ/, from earlier stadiger "constant, steady").
- Loss of gemination. Former nn, ll become nj /ɲ/ and lj /ʎ/. Former nd, ld become /n/ and /l/. Former rd becomes /l/ or /ɾ/ depending on dialect.
- Former v in syllable onset becomes /w/.
- Frequent syncope resulting in unstressed syllabic /ɾ̩/, /l̩/ and /n̩/.
- Recently developed palatalisation of k /kʰ/ to kj /t͡ʃʰ/ and g /g̥/ to gj /d͡ʒ̥/ preceding front vowels.
Here are some of them:
- Combined peripheral-central and front-back vowel harmony. The latter being less strict.
- Diphthongisation of all long vowels. The non-syllabic segment functions as a consonant.
- Devoicing of voiced consonants like in Danish. Word-internal p, t, k are unaspirated and thus merge with b, d, g.
- Most v, b, d, g between syllables and in the ends of words disappear, except in some troublesome positions (e.g. stoadir /ˈsd̥ɔa̯.d̥iɾ/, from earlier stadiger "constant, steady").
- Loss of gemination. Former nn, ll become nj /ɲ/ and lj /ʎ/. Former nd, ld become /n/ and /l/. Former rd becomes /l/ or /ɾ/ depending on dialect.
- Former v in syllable onset becomes /w/.
- Frequent syncope resulting in unstressed syllabic /ɾ̩/, /l̩/ and /n̩/.
- Recently developed palatalisation of k /kʰ/ to kj /t͡ʃʰ/ and g /g̥/ to gj /d͡ʒ̥/ preceding front vowels.
Sample of Pummarian[view] Jea hoar enj kat / Jea hoar katn / Jea hoar katr / Jea hoar katrna
I have a cat. / I have the cat. / I have cats. / I have the cats.[view all texts]
I have a cat. / I have the cat. / I have cats. / I have the cats.[view all texts]
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n [n̩] | ɲ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | pʰ | b̥ | tʰ | d̥ | kʰ | g̥ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | β | f | s | z | ʃ | x | h | |||||||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃʰ | d͡ʒ̥ | ||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l [l̩] | ʎ | ||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ [ɾ̩] | |||||||||||||||
| Blends | ja | jɔ | ŋg1 | ju |
- ŋg̥
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | i | y | u | |||
| Open-mid | ɛ | œ | ɜ | ɔ | ||
| Near-open | æ | |||||
| Open | a | ɒ | ||||
| Polyphthongs | iɛ1 | oɥ2 | œɥ | aj | ɛa3 | aɥ | ʌw | œw | uɔ4 | yœ5 |
| aw | ɔa6 | æj |
- eɛ̯ ~ iɛ̯ ~ iɜ̯ ~ iɐ̯ ~ ɪɐ̯ depending on dialect
- øʉ̯ ~ ʉʏ̯ ~ ɵʏ̯ ~ oʏ̯ ~ oy̯ depending on dialect
- æɜ̯ ~ ɛa̯ ~ ɜa̯ ~ ɛɐ̯ ~ eɐ̯ depending on dialect
- oɒ̯ ~ uɒ̯ ~ uɔ̯ ~ uɜ̯ ~ uɐ̯ depending on dialect
- øœ̯ ~ yœ̯ ~ yɜ̯ ~ yɐ̯ depending on dialect
- ɒæ̯ ~ ɔa̯ ~ ɔɐ̯ ~ oɐ̯ depending on dialect
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Pummarian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 PummarianOrthography | |||||||||
| Åå/ɒ/ | Ää/æ/ | Aa/a/ | AI ai/aj/ | ÄI äi/æj/ | AU au/aw/ | AÜ aü/aɥ/ | Bb/b̥/ | CH ch/x/ | Dd/d̥/ |
| Ee/ɛ/ | Ëë/ɜ/ | EA ea/ɛa/1 | ËU ëu/ʌw/ | Ff/f/ | Gg/g̥/ | GJ gj/d͡ʒ̥/ | Hh/h/ | Ii/i/ | IE ie/iɛ/2 |
| Jj/j/ | JA ja/ja/ | JO jo/jɔ/ | JU ju/ju/ | Kk/kʰ/ | KJ kj/t͡ʃʰ/ | Ll/l/ | LJ lj/ʎ/ | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/ |
| NG ng/ŋg/3 | NJ nj/ɲ/ | Oo/ɔ/ | Öö/œ/ | OA oa/ɔa/4 | OÜ oü/oɥ/5 | ÖU öu/œw/ | ÖÜ öü/œɥ/ | Pp/pʰ/ | Rr/ɾ/ |
| Ss/s/ | SJ sj/ʃ/ | Tt/tʰ/ | Üü/y/ | Uu/u/ | UO uo/uɔ/6 | ÜÖ üö/yœ/7 | Vv/β/ | Ww/w/ | Zz/z/ |
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order | |||||||||
- æɜ̯ ~ ɛa̯ ~ ɜa̯ ~ ɛɐ̯ ~ eɐ̯ depending on dialect
- eɛ̯ ~ iɛ̯ ~ iɜ̯ ~ iɐ̯ ~ ɪɐ̯ depending on dialect
- ŋg̥
- ɒæ̯ ~ ɔa̯ ~ ɔɐ̯ ~ oɐ̯ depending on dialect
- øʉ̯ ~ ʉʏ̯ ~ ɵʏ̯ ~ oʏ̯ ~ oy̯ depending on dialect
- oɒ̯ ~ uɒ̯ ~ uɔ̯ ~ uɜ̯ ~ uɐ̯ depending on dialect
- øœ̯ ~ yœ̯ ~ yɜ̯ ~ yɐ̯ depending on dialect
