Nandlaban [DAM]
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Nandlaban
Na˙nlapan [nə́ndlɑ́bə́ŋ]
NandlabanNa˙nlapan [nə́ndlɑ́bə́ŋ]
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 2 February 2019
Language type
Artistic Language (Artlang)
Species
Human/humanoid
About Nandlaban
Ten-phoneme challenge!
Apart from the eight phonemes below, there are two more: high tone and low tone.
Many words have underlying vowels with no tone, but these are assigned tone phonetically. Similarly, vowels can have more than one tone assigned to them, in which case they generally form a phonetic contour tone.
Nandlaman's morphology involves heavy use of tonal morphemes and floating tones. For example, verbs take a number of applicatives which generally push floating tone onto the final syllable of the stem. Verbs also indicate TAM through a combination of stem tonal melody and second-position toneless clitics. Definiteness on nouns is indicated by a floating high tone on the beginning of the word, and accusative case is indicated by a floating low tone at the end of the word.
Apart from applicatives, TAM, definiteness and case, the language has very little inflectional morphology. Total reduplication is used to mark intensity on adjectives and adverbs, paucal on nouns, and the causative on verbs.
There are two cases: nominative (which also includes genitive, comitative and instrumental functions), and accusative (which also includes dative and locative functions).
Underlying tones spread right onto toneless syllables. Underlying HH sequences are realized with a downstep before the second. underlying LL sequences are realized with all contiguous L after the first as a mid tone. Any toneless syllables after the LL sequence are realized with low tone.
A HH assigned to a single syllable tries to move the second H right onto a toneless syllable, but if there's none, the HH is realized as a regular high tone. The same thing applies to LL sequences, which are realized as plain low tones if there's no toneless syllable right. Toneless syllables are default realized as mid tone.
nuphul (toneless) [nūphōl] water NOM
nuphul (H Ø | Ø) [núphól] the water NOM
nuphul (Ø | Ø L) [nūphòl] water ACC
nuphul (H Ø | Ø L) [núphòl] the water ACC
Apart from the eight phonemes below, there are two more: high tone and low tone.
Many words have underlying vowels with no tone, but these are assigned tone phonetically. Similarly, vowels can have more than one tone assigned to them, in which case they generally form a phonetic contour tone.
Nandlaman's morphology involves heavy use of tonal morphemes and floating tones. For example, verbs take a number of applicatives which generally push floating tone onto the final syllable of the stem. Verbs also indicate TAM through a combination of stem tonal melody and second-position toneless clitics. Definiteness on nouns is indicated by a floating high tone on the beginning of the word, and accusative case is indicated by a floating low tone at the end of the word.
Apart from applicatives, TAM, definiteness and case, the language has very little inflectional morphology. Total reduplication is used to mark intensity on adjectives and adverbs, paucal on nouns, and the causative on verbs.
There are two cases: nominative (which also includes genitive, comitative and instrumental functions), and accusative (which also includes dative and locative functions).
Underlying tones spread right onto toneless syllables. Underlying HH sequences are realized with a downstep before the second. underlying LL sequences are realized with all contiguous L after the first as a mid tone. Any toneless syllables after the LL sequence are realized with low tone.
A HH assigned to a single syllable tries to move the second H right onto a toneless syllable, but if there's none, the HH is realized as a regular high tone. The same thing applies to LL sequences, which are realized as plain low tones if there's no toneless syllable right. Toneless syllables are default realized as mid tone.
nuphul (toneless) [nūphōl] water NOM
nuphul (H Ø | Ø) [núphól] the water NOM
nuphul (Ø | Ø L) [nūphòl] water ACC
nuphul (H Ø | Ø L) [núphòl] the water ACC
Sample of NandlabanCan't find any yet.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||||
| Nasal | [m]1 | n | [ŋ]2 | |||||
| Plosive | p | [b]3 | [d]4 | k | [g]5 | [ʔ]6 | ||
| Fricative | h | |||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||
| Lateral fricative | [ɬ]7 | |||||||
- before /p/, allophone of /n/
- before /k/, word-finally, allophone of /n/
- intervocalically, next to a nasal, allophone of /p/
- initially; /nl/ realized as [ndl], allophone of /l/
- intervocalically, after a nasal, allophone of /k/
- next to /n/ or /l/, allophone of /h/
- before a plosive, allophone of /l/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | [y]1 | u | ||||
| Close-mid | e | [o]2 | ||||
| Mid | [ə]3 | |||||
| Open | ɑ | |||||
- next to a labial, allophone of /e/
- in closed syllables, allophone of /u/
- in closed syllables, allophone of /ɑ/
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Nandlaban. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 NandlabanOrthography [edit] | |||||||||
| Aa/ɑ/ | Ee/e/ | Hh/h/ | Kk/k/ | Ll/l/ | Nn/n/ | Pp/p/ | Uu/u/ | ·/̀/ | ˙/́/ |
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | |||||||||
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
Nandlaban tone workbook
Showcasing paradigms
02-Feb-19 10:50
