Rutnam [AILA]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 30 January 2022
Language type
A posteriori
Species
Human/humanoid
About Rutnam
Buerre boehtemav rudnamaj sávavsadan!
بوِرّه بۏِدِّمو رُعنَمی سابوسَدَن
[ˈpue̯ɣɣie̯ ˈpoe̯htimu ˈɣuʔnami ˈsa:βuˌzaða:n]
good.ATTRUnknown code coming.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity Rutnam.ILLIllative (case)
'into' wish.1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.SUBSubject (argument).PRSPresent tense (tense)-3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.DODirect object (case/role)-2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).IOIndirect object (case/role)
Rutnam (lit. "a talking") is the only a posteriori constructed language its author has made: A Sámi lect in transition between western and southern sámi branches. It has innovated a guttural approximant [ɣ] from the Proto-Sámi rhotic, lost the genitive case, and underwent intervocalic voicing and lenition of stops and fricatives. Major grammatical innovations are obligatory object marking in verbs, and a completely new set of plural declension for nouns and verbs through initial-syllable final reduplication, strenghtening the plural/dual distinction in the process. The vast majority of the dictionary, grammar and translations are not on CWS, but what is should be up to date at all times.
Rutnam is spoken by sea sámi in an alternate timeline with islamisation of the Kyivan Rus and eastern europe, and without the industrial revolution, around 3000 AD. The Rutnam language area surrounds the Kvarken strait in the Bothnian sea, now increasingly narrow and shallow due to post-glacial rebound. It is written in orthographies based on either latin or arabic scripts. Due to international audience and personal typeability issues, the romanisation prevails on CWS
Apparently this uraliclang has Nahuatl and australian aboriginal languages as its typologically closest relatives, at 50-60%. Tetthinkirl, remind yourself what an a posteriori is again?
بوِرّه بۏِدِّمو رُعنَمی سابوسَدَن
[ˈpue̯ɣɣie̯ ˈpoe̯htimu ˈɣuʔnami ˈsa:βuˌzaða:n]
good.ATTRUnknown code coming.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity Rutnam.ILLIllative (case)
'into' wish.1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.SUBSubject (argument).PRSPresent tense (tense)-3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.DODirect object (case/role)-2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).IOIndirect object (case/role)
Rutnam (lit. "a talking") is the only a posteriori constructed language its author has made: A Sámi lect in transition between western and southern sámi branches. It has innovated a guttural approximant [ɣ] from the Proto-Sámi rhotic, lost the genitive case, and underwent intervocalic voicing and lenition of stops and fricatives. Major grammatical innovations are obligatory object marking in verbs, and a completely new set of plural declension for nouns and verbs through initial-syllable final reduplication, strenghtening the plural/dual distinction in the process. The vast majority of the dictionary, grammar and translations are not on CWS, but what is should be up to date at all times.
Rutnam is spoken by sea sámi in an alternate timeline with islamisation of the Kyivan Rus and eastern europe, and without the industrial revolution, around 3000 AD. The Rutnam language area surrounds the Kvarken strait in the Bothnian sea, now increasingly narrow and shallow due to post-glacial rebound. It is written in orthographies based on either latin or arabic scripts. Due to international audience and personal typeability issues, the romanisation prevails on CWS
Apparently this uraliclang has Nahuatl and australian aboriginal languages as its typologically closest relatives, at 50-60%. Tetthinkirl, remind yourself what an a posteriori is again?
Sample of Rutnam[view] Biavžža ja Biejvve rijddalijga goappá fámolažžamus birra, go johtte liacca luhcajn bóhtij. / / Soabajga, ihca son gus luhcamis johtte ovtas njalddás fámolažžap go dáppá. / / Dadle biavžža beggij da garás nagada, muhta midi garap beggij, didi garap johtte luhcamis jiahčasis stedijsasan. / / Ja buah maŋemus, biavžža luabajs. Dadle, biejvv...[view all texts]
Sound samples in Rutnam
Some sound samples of Rutnam. Maximum of 6 shown. Click the links to see the full texts.
Sámástav.
I speak English
I speak English
Gulddalijmun!
He won't listen to me!
He won't listen to me!
Language family relationships
Language treeUralic
⤷ Proto-Uralic
⤷ Finno-Ugric
⤷ Finno-Khantic
⤷ Finno-Permic
⤷ Finno-Volgaic
⤷ Finno-Saamic
⤷ Saamic
⤷ Western Saamic
⤷
Rutnam
⤷ Proto-Uralic
⤷ Finno-Ugric
⤷ Finno-Khantic
⤷ Finno-Permic
⤷ Finno-Volgaic
⤷ Finno-Saamic
⤷ Saamic
⤷ Western Saamic
⤷
Rutnam[view] About UralicThe Uralic languages /jʊˈrælɨk/ (sometimes called Uralian /jʊˈreɪliən/ languages) constitute a language family of some three dozen languages spoken by approximately 25 million people. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, ...
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | t | k | [ʔ]1 | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | f | s | ʃ | ɣ | h2 | |||||||||||
| Affricate | [t͡s]3 | t͡ʃ | ||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||||
| Blends | hk | ht | hp | htʃ |
- Can only appear before vowels or /m n ɲ ŋ l/
- [ħ] around /a(:)/ or after /ia ea oa ua/
- Before back vowels, allophone of /t͡ʃ/
| Vowels | Front | Back | ||
| Close | i | u | ||
| Close-mid | e: | o o: | ||
| Open | ɑ ɑ: | |||
| Polyphthongs | [oe] oe̯ | [ea]1 | [ue] ue̯ | [uo] uo̯ | [ua] ua̯ | ie ie̯ | [oa] oa̯2 | ia̯3 |
- [e̯a] is an allophone of /ie̯/ and /ia̯/ before a quantity 3/overlong consonant (cluster)
- /oa̯/ followed by /a/ becomes [o:] followed by [o] when the consonant between them is not quantity 3
- /ia̯/ followed by /a/ becomes [e:] followed by [a] when the consonant between them is not quantity 3
Syllable Structure(s)(C)V(j)(C). Hiatuses are not allowed. The only allowed word-initial clusters, sp st sk sm sn sń sl, are rare. The only allowed word-final clusters are jn jm jt js. ŋ is not allowed word-initially. The allowed unstressed vowels are [a o i u a: o: ie̯ uo̯], and unstressed [o(:)] can only appear after a stressed [o(:)].
A bisyllabic foot must be at the least trimoraic e.g. <olá> /olo:/ (over, on top of), and at the biggest octomoraic sCV:C:CV:jC, e.g. <stárffojs> /sta:ɣ:fuo̯js/ (boat landing place, elative singular).
a short unstressed vowel compensatory lengthens after a stressed short vowel and single consonant in this manner:
a o i u become a: o: ie̯ uo̯
unstressed long vowels in a trisyllabic foot get shortened in the reverse manner: a: o: ie̯ uo̯ become a o i u.
Neither of these processes affect the productive vowel umlaut, which further phonemicises its added vowel oppositions.
In dialects south of Kvarken, unstressed short /a o i u/ merge to /ə/
A bisyllabic foot must be at the least trimoraic e.g. <olá> /olo:/ (over, on top of), and at the biggest octomoraic sCV:C:CV:jC, e.g. <stárffojs> /sta:ɣ:fuo̯js/ (boat landing place, elative singular).
a short unstressed vowel compensatory lengthens after a stressed short vowel and single consonant in this manner:
a o i u become a: o: ie̯ uo̯
unstressed long vowels in a trisyllabic foot get shortened in the reverse manner: a: o: ie̯ uo̯ become a o i u.
Neither of these processes affect the productive vowel umlaut, which further phonemicises its added vowel oppositions.
In dialects south of Kvarken, unstressed short /a o i u/ merge to /ə/
Stress informationPrimary stress always falls on the first syllable of a word. Rutnam words are divided up into feet, with one initial stressed syllable, followed by 1 or 2 unstressed syllables. If P is a primarily stressed syllable, U an unstressed syllable and S a secondarily stressed one, stress placement follows this pattern:
U
PU
PUU
PUSU
PUSUU
PUSUSU
et cetera.
Foot-initial (stressed) syllables can be followed by either a short consonant, or long or overlong consonant/cluster. Overlong is distinguished from long in clusters by doubling the second consonant, except in cases where added preaspiration is phonotactically illegal, where overlong clusters and overlong consonants are written including "fortis" letters <p t c č k>, and long "lenis" <b d z ž g>. If none of these apply, long and overlong are written the same.
Therefore:
<dikke> [tik:kie̯] "court.NOM"
<diggev> [tikkie̯w] "court.ACC"
<avtta> [af:ta] "one.NOM"
<avtan> [aftn] "one.INE"
<rátna> [ɣa:ʔ:na] "friend.NOM"
<rádnas> [ɣa:ʔns] "friend.ELA"
<hórrut> [ho:ɣ:ɣut] "be hindered.INF"
<hárrat> [ha:ɣɣat] "growl.INF"
U
PU
PUU
PUSU
PUSUU
PUSUSU
et cetera.
Foot-initial (stressed) syllables can be followed by either a short consonant, or long or overlong consonant/cluster. Overlong is distinguished from long in clusters by doubling the second consonant, except in cases where added preaspiration is phonotactically illegal, where overlong clusters and overlong consonants are written including "fortis" letters <p t c č k>, and long "lenis" <b d z ž g>. If none of these apply, long and overlong are written the same.
Therefore:
<dikke> [tik:kie̯] "court.NOM"
<diggev> [tikkie̯w] "court.ACC"
<avtta> [af:ta] "one.NOM"
<avtan> [aftn] "one.INE"
<rátna> [ɣa:ʔ:na] "friend.NOM"
<rádnas> [ɣa:ʔns] "friend.ELA"
<hórrut> [ho:ɣ:ɣut] "be hindered.INF"
<hárrat> [ha:ɣɣat] "growl.INF"
OtherVoiceless sonorants [m̥ n̥ ɲ̊ ŋ̊ f ɬ ç x] arise where /m n ɲ ŋ w l j ɣ/ come into contact with an underlying /h/. As these act like clusters; always being long CC or overlong C:C when standalone, they are analysed such
Intervocalically, /p t ts tʃ k/ surface as [β ð z ʒ ɣ]
Long approximants /w: l: j: ɣ:/ allophonically break up into a CV-sequence with the epenthetic vowel carrying the surrounding vowels' backness when before a consonant. Examples are <bálggá> /pa:l:.ka:/ [pa:la̯.ka:] 'roads', and <jiermme> /jieɣ:mie/ [je̯aɣe̯ʔmie̯] 'mind'.
[ʔ] is found where there else would be a null onset, and before nasals and /l/, where other stops do not occur. [ʔV ʔl ʔm ʔn ʔɲ ʔŋ] is therefore analysed as /V tl pm tn t͡ʃɲ kŋ/, where the stop loses its place of articulation before a homorganic nasal.
Short /a o/ face elision before a coda /m n l s h/ when unstressed, turning said consonant syllabic. [h̩] is elided too in the speech variety showcased on CWS.
In the same ideolectal varieties that preserve [h̩], [pʰ tʰ kʰ] (written <p t k>) may occur word-initially in loanwords containing fortis plosives in the source language. These are in complimentary distribution with medial [hP]-clusters and are thus analysed as word-initial /hp ht hk/.
Beneath the allophonic processes, one can easily posit a highly symmetric underlying 16-consonant inventory of /m n ɲ ŋ/, /p t ʧ k/, /f s ʃ h/, /w l j ɣ/, which is the analysis used here.
Intervocalically, /p t ts tʃ k/ surface as [β ð z ʒ ɣ]
Long approximants /w: l: j: ɣ:/ allophonically break up into a CV-sequence with the epenthetic vowel carrying the surrounding vowels' backness when before a consonant. Examples are <bálggá> /pa:l:.ka:/ [pa:la̯.ka:] 'roads', and <jiermme> /jieɣ:mie/ [je̯aɣe̯ʔmie̯] 'mind'.
[ʔ] is found where there else would be a null onset, and before nasals and /l/, where other stops do not occur. [ʔV ʔl ʔm ʔn ʔɲ ʔŋ] is therefore analysed as /V tl pm tn t͡ʃɲ kŋ/, where the stop loses its place of articulation before a homorganic nasal.
Short /a o/ face elision before a coda /m n l s h/ when unstressed, turning said consonant syllabic. [h̩] is elided too in the speech variety showcased on CWS.
In the same ideolectal varieties that preserve [h̩], [pʰ tʰ kʰ] (written <p t k>) may occur word-initially in loanwords containing fortis plosives in the source language. These are in complimentary distribution with medial [hP]-clusters and are thus analysed as word-initial /hp ht hk/.
Beneath the allophonic processes, one can easily posit a highly symmetric underlying 16-consonant inventory of /m n ɲ ŋ/, /p t ʧ k/, /f s ʃ h/, /w l j ɣ/, which is the analysis used here.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Rutnam. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| RutnamOrthography [edit] | |||||||||
| Aa/ɑ/ | Áá/ɑ:/ | Bb/p/ | Cc/hk/, /k/ | Čč/htʃ/, /t͡ʃ/ | Dd/t/ | Đđ/ɣ/ | Ee/e:/ | Ff/f/ | Gg/k/ |
| Hh/h/ | Ii/i/ | Jj/j/ | Ll/l/ | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/ | Ŋŋ/ŋ/ | Oo/o/ | Óó/o:/ | Pp/hp/, /p/ |
| Rr/ɣ/ | Ss/s/ | Šš/ʃ/ | Tt/ht/, /t/ | Uu/u/ | Vv/w/ | Zz[t͡s]1 | Žž/t͡ʃ/ | ا/ɑ:/ | ب/p/ |
| ح/h/2 | ج/t͡ʃ/ | ر/ɣ/ | س/s/ | ش/ʃ/ | ع/ʔ/ | ف/f/ | ل/l/ | م/m/ | ن/n/ |
| ڽ/ɲ/ | ه/e:/, /ie/ | و/w/ | ۏ/uo̯/, /o/ | ک/k/ | ݣ/ŋ/ | ی/j/ | |||
| ✔ Shown in correct order [change] | |||||||||
- Before back vowels
- [ħ] around /a(:)/ or after /ia ea oa ua/
