Duck Grammar
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A complex grammar
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 8 May 2019, 21:43.
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1. Duck Grammar
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There are 3 basic parts to a noun, though any noun may not have all of them. These are the introductory particle, the root, and the pronominal. The introductory particle will stand on its own if the noun has a pronominal or if it is fronted, and the pronominal is always attached with a hyphen to the root. Not all nouns have introductory particles- they are only found in subjects and in objects in dependent clauses in noun phrases. There are different introductory particles for different sorts of things:
cu- for a duck that can speak
qŷ- for a duck that cannot speak
hêê- for any diminutive
tôx- for an augmentative
ni- for an object in a dependent clause in a noun phrase
rrá- for any other noun that takes a subject particle
Pronouns:
á- I
cí- you (casual)
nẽ- we
o- you (polite)
te- you (plural)
cu- speaking duck
qŷ- non-speaking duck
qno- noun that first appears as agent
rǿ- noun that first appears in another role
he- other 3rd sing pronoun
kôô- 4th person pronoun/2sg for non-Duck speakers
i- dummy pronoun
The pronominal affix is only attached to nouns that are going to need to have a pronoun represent them at a later point. In the first occurrence of any personal pronoun, the pronominal affix is attached to the "person"'s name or title (it may not always be a person). i-i is used to introduce the dummy pronoun, though some flocks tend to simply just use i. I-kôô is also sometimes used instead of specifying the affected group.
If a noun has multiple roots, separated by a space, it is a separable compound word. Unless the introductory particle is fronted, it comes between the first and second words. The pronoun is still attached by a hyphen to the last word.
An introductory particle can be duplicated to mean that.
Nouns also have certain cases:
Subject- base
Object- -ni- after first syllable
Indirect object- -qnôô- after first syllable
Because of- -knú- after first syllable
Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, emphasis, importance, and benefit.
The first syllable is reduplicated to make a verb past tense.
The second syllable is reduplicated to make a verb future tense.
The base aspect is imperfective, and the vowel í is added to the end to make it perfective.
Momentane aspect- ĩ
Iterative- õ
Habitual- êê
An emphatic form of a verb adds the first vowel to the beginning of a word, and adds n between it and the next letter if it would otherwise be the same as the past.
The important form of verb adds the last vowel to the end of a word, and adds n between it and the next letter if it would otherwise be the same as the past.
Benefit affixes are placed based on the subject, unless another noun that is not the subject is a duck, in which case it is based on that noun.
The base form of a verb has no benefit marked unless it ends with a nasal vowel, in which case it has positive benefit. The positive benefit affix (neutral if nasal-ending) is -tú- after the first syllable, and the negative benefit affix is -jêx- ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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