Basic Grammar (Camani)
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This article describes word order and how words relate to one another.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 26 Feb 2024, 04:53.
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Camani, in its basal form (when there are no pronouns involved), takes the form of SVO (Subject-Verb-Object). This can change under many specific circumstances, however, depending on whether the subject of the verb has already been mentioned (and therefore can be removed from the sentence because Camani is pro-drop), and whether the object of the verb can be a pronoun.
Adjectives and adverbs come after the nouns they modify, and can come in any order for emphasis. Also for emphasis, adjectives may come before the nouns they modify, provided it doesn't create extra ambiguity.
Verb conjugation in Camani is relatively simple. There are two base verb forms, being verbs which end in "-el" and verbs which end in "-il". These two forms conjugate very differently from one another (here are links for the -el and -il conjugation forms). Verbs in Camani conjugate based on number, person, and tense, and therefore Camani is pro-subject-drop. Verbs do not, however, conjugate for mood (except for the imperative), and therefore rely on auxiliary verbs (such as should, would, etc.).
Let us look at an example of the differences between "-el" and "-il" conjugation forms:
Fufiyel - to have (-el verb)
Fuviyu ende uce. - I have a house.
Voggil - to be able to (-il verb)
Vogge errepel. - I can run.
Here you can notice the difference in ending between the two verb types, even though the convey the same thing. The only conjugation which is the same over the two verb types is the second person singular conjugation:
Fuviyis ende uce. - You have a house.
Voggis errepel. - You can run.
Nouns in Camani fall into one of three grammatical genders - that is, they can either be masculine, feminine, or neuter. Articles, demonstratives, and adjectives must agree with the noun they modify. If a group of more than one type of noun is being described, the neutral form of an adjective should be used.
Here are some examples on how gender impacts surrounding words:
At eña ccavua - the funny person (neuter)
Ot eño ccavuo - the funny woman (feminine)
Et eñùm ccavue - the funny man (masculine)
Nouns in Camani decline for plurality and case. There are four cases for nouns in Camani, none of which are nominative, accusative, or dative, as appeared the former two in Driestic, a language Camani descends from. Instead, only the locative cases remain of Driestic's case system, being the adessive (at, by, outside of), inessive (in, within), ablative (away from), and allative (towards, to). While plurality of nouns changes by gender, the cases do not. Additionally, there is another possessive "case" system in Camani, consisting of prefixes which can be added to nouns. There is no genitive outside of this, with possessiveness instead shown by the word "of" (compare ssùtuce "my house" with et uce i ùte "the house of me/mine house").
Here is an example of word plurality changing based on word gender:
At eña --> atan eñan - the person --> the people (neuter)
Ot eño --> etot eñot - the woman --> the women (feminine)
Et eñùm --> etem eñùme - the man --> the men (masculine)
The locative cases are prefixed to a noun to show their relationship:
Uce - house
Obruce - at/by the house (adessive)
Pertuce - in the house (inessive)
Dinuce - towards the house (allative)
Ronduce - away from the house (ablative)
The possessive prefixes are prefixed to a noun to show their relationship (while they could be considered a possessive "case", in truth they are just normal prefixes which grew from separate words being said together):
Ssùtuce - my house
Ssimuce - our house
Egùnuce - (singular) your house
Ikùnuce - (plural) your house
Ccaluce - his/her house
Luvuce - their house ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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