Verb Morphology
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How to use and decline verbs
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 22 Jun 2016, 09:53.
[comments] ctl The verb is the most important part of speech in Cathilean, and every sentence must have a verb. Verbs are declined for person, number and tense, as well as three moods. The structure of a verb is like this:
[negative marker] [other prefixes] Verbal base [person/number/tense] [mood]
[top]Negative marker and other prefixes
The negative marker: The negative marker is used to negate verbs, and to say that the verb did not happen. The prefix is g-, and it's pronounced /gə/. However, if it's placed before another velar consonant, it's pronounced /də/
Other prefixes: The other prefixes a verb can take are prepositional prefixes that show direction or other adverbs that has to do with movement in space. There can also be a grade prefix that implies what grade the action has. However, these are explained more in the noun morphology article and the word formation article, respectively.
[top]Person, Number and Tense
Every verb has to be declined for person, number and tense.
| 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you) | 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee | 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive) | 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) | 3PThird person plural (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them | 5Fifth person (person) indefinite or generic; one, "they" say that | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRESPresent tense (tense) current | -ea | -aigh | -a | -ar | -amh | -ann | -acht |
| PASTPast tense (tense) action occurred before moment of speech | -ie | -igh | -i | -ir | -imh | -inn | -icht |
| FUTFuture (tense) action occurring after the moment of speech | -eo | -oegh | -o | -or | -omh | -onn | -ocht |
[top]Moods
There are three moods: Indicative, subjunctive and optative. The optative is used instead of imperative, so if you want to say "pass me the butter", you have to say "may I have the butter".
Indicative: -
Subjunctive: -aoe (if the word ends in a consonant), -ve (if the word ends in a vowel)
Optative: -ta
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