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This private article was written by [Deactivated User] on 13 Dec 2016, 00:54.
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1. another phonology
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2. descendant 1
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3. proto-lang?
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Phonemic inventory
Consonants
Labial Alveolar Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n
Prenasalised stop mb nd ŋg ɴɢ
Stop p b t d k g q ɢ ʔ
Fricative f s x χ
Approximant ɹ ʟ
Vowels
Front Central Back
High i y u
Low a
Syllable structure
(C1)V(C2)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C2: one of /m n mb nd ŋg p t k ʔ f s χ ɹ ʟ/
Allophony
Labial obstruents or nasals [m mb b ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Stops [mb p d ...] become nasals [m m n ...] before a nasal. Voiceless stops become voiced.
Front vowels [i y] become non-front [ɨ ʉ] after an uvular obstruent or nasal.
Stops [mb p d ...] become nasals [m m n ...] after a nasal. Voiceless stops become voiced.
Voiced vowels [i ɨ u ...] become creaky-voiced [ḭ ɨ̰ ṵ ...] before a glottal stop.
Voiceless stops [p p̪ k ...] become ejective [pʼ p̪ʼ kʼ ...] before a non-nasal glottalised phone except for a non-nasal vowel or approximant.
Non-nasal consonants other than prenasalised stops or fricatives [p t q ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent and become voiceless word-finally. Before a voiced stop, ejective consonants other than [ʔ] become non-ejective; [ʔ] are deleted.
Vowels [i ɨ u ...] become nasal [ĩ ɨ̃ ũ ...] before a nasal.
Non-ejective voiceless stops [p p̪ k ...] persistently become ejective [pʼ p̪ʼ kʼ ...] before a glottal stop.
Non-ejective voiceless stops [p p̪ k ...] persistently become ejective [pʼ p̪ʼ kʼ ...] before a glottal stop.
Non-front tense vowels [ɨ ʉ u ...] become front [i y y ...] before a non-retroflexed alveolar consonant.
Alveolar stops [nd t tʼ d] become non-affricate and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent.
Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent.
Non-ejective non-glottal fricative non-prenasalised stops [p b̪ k ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding non-nasal consonant other than approximant.
Labial obstruents or nasals other than [ɸ f], i.e. [m ɱb b ...], persistently assimilate in dorsality and uvularity and palatalisation and whether palatal or palatalised velar to a following obstruent or nasal and become non-velar or uvular word-finally.
Some words
/sutɹup/ [sytɹup]
/kandɹuχ/ [kandɹuχ]
/ɹaʟaɹ/ [ɹaʟaɹ̥]
/fasti/ [fasti]
/kysdu/ [kyzdu]
/fatɹup/ [fatɹup]
/xasʟit/ [xasʟit]
/gikɹut/ [gikɹyt]
/ndittak/ [ndittak]
/kat/ [kat]
/ɹutik/ [ɹytik]
/naʟsik/ [naʟ̥sik]
/nypɹaɹ/ [nypɹaɹ̥]
/gaɹŋgus/ [gaɹŋgys]
/takiχ/ [takiχ]
/timsas/ [tĩmsas]
/tisndaɹ/ [tizndaɹ̥]
/gypsyk/ [gypsyk]
/pyɹap/ [pyɹap]
/saxuf/ [saxuf]
/diʟsaɹ/ [diʟ̥saɹ̥]
/tutquŋg/ [tyqquŋg]
/natɹi/ [natɹi]
/naɹky/ [naɹ̥ky]
/tatmbi/ [tabmbi]
/tustaɹ/ [tystaɹ̥]
/kyχkan/ [kyχkãn]
/xiɹxuɹ/ [xiɹ̥xyɹ̥]
/ba/ [ba]
/dupaχ/ [dupaχ]
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