Sound changes from Proto-Southwestern-Tai
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the sounds have definitely changed
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 19 Aug 2016, 08:32.
[comments] historicalsound changephonologytyytaithai
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
ɓ, ɗ > b, d
voiceless nasals > voiced
q, x, x̣ > kh
c, j̵ > t, d
v, z, ɣ > f, ð, ð
ɲ > ny / V_V, ni / #_V, y otherwise
e, ɛ: > i
o, ɔ: > u
ʌ > ɨ
ɯ, ɯ: > ɨ
a:, i:, u: > a, i, u
i > iɨ / _ŋ
h > Ø (under influence from K langs' lack of h)
b, d, g > B, r, ɣ / V_V (under influence from Kalamian languages)
Ø > ʔ / #_V, V_# (under influence from K langs)
A > mid
C, DS > high
B, DL > low rising
maayC > máy 'wood'
ɓinA > bin 'to fly'
payA > pay 'to go'
maaA > maʔ 'to come'
hmaakDL > màk 'fruit'
khrayB > khày 'egg'
mlɯnB > lɨ̀n 'slippery' (compare Thai lʉ̂ʉn)
naamC > nám 'water'
hetDS > hít 'to do'
rayA > ray 'what' ??
hrenA > rin 'see'
mayB > mày 'NEG'
pronouns and low numbers are basically just borrowed from KT (VS (where S isn't ʔ) syllables acquire low tone, others get mid tone, -s > -sɨʔ at end of syllable):
free:
1s yuʔ (from yuuʔ [yoʔ]), 1pe yamiʔ
1pi ʔitaʔ
2s yawaʔ, 2p yamuʔ
3s tanyaʔ, 3p taniraʔ
nominative/patient in dipronoun:
1s -aw, 1pe -amiʔ
1pi -itaʔ
2s -aʔ, 2p -amuʔ
3s Ø, 3p Ø
oblique/agent in dipronoun (for oblique, use ʔuŋ before):
1s yɨn (from yɨɨn), 1pe yamɨn
1pi yatɨn
2s nuyuʔ, 2p numyuʔ
3s ʔanyaʔ, 3p niraʔ
1 tasaʔ
2 duruaʔ
3 tuluʔ
4 ʔɨpàt
5 limaʔ
6 ʔɨnɨm
7 cetDS > tít
8 pɛɛtDL > pìt
9 kaawC > káw
10 sipDS > síp
20 duruaŋ síp
100 rɔɔyC > rúy
1000 banA > ban
1,000,000 milyun
other KT words:
niyuy 'coconut'
binlay 'raft'
kalasiaw 'deer'
kirìb 'cogon grass'
tɨɣìd 'betel leaf' (from tɨɣɨd)
manuʔ 'chicken'
KT:
mnN
ptk(?)
bdg
s
lr
wy
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