the shift: initials
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 15 Mar 2020, 23:24.
[comments] what Early > Middle
p, pʰ, b, m > p, f, b, m
pj, pʰj, bj, mj > f, fʰ, v, ʋ
t, tʰ, d, n > t, s, d, n
ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɳ > ɕ, θ, ð, r
l > l
ts, tsʰ, dz > ts, θ, z
s, z > s, z
ʈʂ, ʈʂʰ, ɖʐ > tɕ, ɕ, ʑ
ʂ, ʐ > ɕ, ʑ
tɕ, tɕʰ, dʑ, ɲ > tɕ, ɕ, ʑ, r
k, kʰ, ɡ, ŋ > k, x, ɡ, r
ɕ, ʑ > ɕ, ʑ
j > j
ʔ > Ø
x, ɣ > x, ɣ
Middle > Late
p, b, m > p, b, m
f, fʰ, v, ʋ > f, ð, v, ɱ
t, d, n > t, d, n
θ, ð > θ, ð
l > l
r > r
ts > ts
s, z > s, z
tɕ > tʃ
ɕ, ʑ > ʃ, ʒ
j > j
k, ɡ > k, ɡ
x, ɣ > x, ɣ
Late > Modern
p, b, m > p, b, m
f, v, ɱ > f, v, ɱ
t, d, n > t, d, n
θ, ð > θ, ð
l > l
r > r
ts > s
s, z > s, z
tʃ > ʃ
ʃ, ʒ > ʃ, ʒ
j > j
k, ɡ > k, ɡ
x, ɣ > x, ɣ
Modern Phonology
p, b, m (p, b, m)
f, v, ɱ (f, v, mn)
t, d, n (t, d, n)
θ, ð (th, dh)
l (l)
r (r)
s, z (s, z)
ʃ, ʒ (sh, zh)
j (y)
k, ɡ (k, g)
x, ɣ (kh, gh)
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