Palaskian: Verbs
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Overview of verb tense and other things
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 28 Jan 2023, 18:23.
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1. Palaskian: Verbs
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Palaskian's system of verbs are quite simple to understand. Unlike it's cousin language of
Iadrajan, Palaskian only has 3 verb tenses, though it does have an equal number of verbal moods and aspect, but more on that later. There are 2 verb endings to look for when looking at a Palaskian verb. The endings are: "-ди" and "-ти". Before we start, here are the personal pronouns in Palaskian that we will be using:Ŵэ = I
Де = You(informal)
Ом/Mа/Омо = He/She/It
Нем = We
Вем = You guys(plural); You(formal)
Омим = They
For "-ди" ending verbs you will conjugate the verb to match the subject. Here are the endings for "-ди":
"-ди"
1st Person Singular: е
2nd Person Singular: ест
3rd Person Singular: ет
1st Person Plural: ен
2nd Person Plural: евт
3rd Person Plural: ем
When conjugating "-ди" ending verbs, only drop the "и" and replace it with the correct subject ending. Here is a verb with "-ди" so that you can see how it's conjugated. We'll use the verb: Веди = to see
Веди = to see
1st Person Singular: Ŵэ веде = I see
2nd Person Singular: Де ведест = You see(informal)
3rd Person Singular: Ом ведет = He/She/It sees
1st Person Plural: Нем веден = We see
2nd Person Plural: Вем ведевт = You see/You guys see(formal)
3rd Person Plural: Омим ведем = They see
Now time for "-ти" ending verbs. Verbs that end in "-ти" conjugate in the same way, but instead of using "е" you will use "и".
"-ти"
1st Person Singular: и
2nd Person Singular: ист
3rd Person Singular: ит
1st Person Plural: ин
2nd Person Plural: ивт
3rd Person Plural: им
And here is a "-ти" verb that's being conjugated. We'll use the verb: Ешти = to eat
Ешти = to eat
1st Person Singular: Ŵэ ешти = I eat
2nd Person Singular: Де ештист = You eat(informal)
3rd Person Singular: Ом ештит = He/She/It eats
1st Person Plural: Нем ештин = We eat
2nd Person Plural: Вем ештивт = You eat/You guys eat(formal)
3rd Person Plural: Омим ештим = They eat
And that's it, that is the whole Present tense in Palaskian and the verb endings.
Now interestingly enough, the past tense in Palaskian is formed by adding the auxiliary particle "Ла" in front of the verb it's modifying. This is how Palaskian differ greatly from its neighboring languages in how they handle verb tenses. Using the same verbs, Веди and Ешти, we will form the past tense.
Ла веди = saw(past tense)
1st Person Singular: Ŵэ ла веде = I saw
2nd Person Singular: Де ла ведест = You saw(informal)
3rd Person Singular: Ом ла ведет = He/She/It saw
1st Person Plural: Нем ла веден = We saw
2nd Person Plural: Вем ла ведевт = You saw/You guys saw(formal)
3rd Person Plural: Омим ла ведем = They saw
Something to note is that the past particle "Ла" contracts to Л' if the verb starts with a vowel
Л'ешти = ate(past tense)
1st Person Singular: Ŵэ л'ешти = I ate
2nd Person Singular: Де л'ештист = You ate(informal)
3rd Person Singular: Ом л'ештит = He/She/It ate
1st Person Plural: Нем л'ештин = We ate
2nd Person Plural: Вем л'ештивт = You eat/You guys ate(formal)
3rd Person Plural: Омим л'ештим = They ate
To form the future tense in Palaskian, you will need to use the auxiliary verb: "Чти" = will be. "Чти" conjugates along with the verb, so using the same verbs before we'll use them in the future tense.
Чти веди = will see(future tense)
1st Person Singular: Ŵэ че веде = I will see
2nd Person Singular: Де чуст ведест = You will see(informal)
3rd Person Singular: Ом чут ведет = He/She/It will see
1st Person Plural: Нем чун веден = We will see
2nd Person Plural: Вем чувт ведевт = You saw/You guys will see(formal)
3rd Person Plural: Омим чум ведем = They will see
Note that Чти can contract in the 1st person singular if the verb starts with a vowel
Чти ешти = will eat(future tense)
1st Person Singular: Ŵэ ч'ешти = I will eat
2nd Person Singular: Де чуст ештист = You will eat(informal)
3rd Person Singular: Ом чут ештит = He/She/It will eat
1st Person Plural: Нем чун ештин = We will eat
2nd Person Plural: Вем чувт ештивт = You eat/You guys will eat(formal)
3rd Person Plural: Омим чум ештим = They will eat
Now, what we just worked on was all in the imperfect aspect, that is all of the actions were incomplete or on going. In Palaskian there are 2 forms of every verb, one which is imperfect and another which is in the perfect aspect. To form a perfect verb first look at the verb itself and see how the word is spelt. If the verb starts with consonant, then most likely you will add the prefix "Па-" to the verb. For example: Веди = to see, Паведи = to have seen however this is NOT always the case as the verb: Павти = to prepare becomes Спавти = to have prepared when turned into the perfect aspect of that verb.
Certain verbs have different forms for their perfect aspect, here are the rules to correctly form a perfect aspect of a verb:
1) If the verb starts with a consonant, that's not п б ф ꚃ ђ ŵ w, then add the prefix "Па-".
ex:
Веди = to see
Паведи = to have seen
2) If the verb starts with П or Б or a vowel then add the prefix "С-"
ex:
Павти = to prepare
Спавти = to have prepared
Беди = to beat
Сбеди = to have beaten
3) If the verb starts with Ф then drop the Ф and replace it with В, then add the prefix "Cла-"
ex:
Фати = to know how
Славати = to have known how
4) If the verb starts with Ꚃ or Ђ then add the prefix "До-".
ex:
Ꚃакнади = to break
Доꚃакнади = to have broken
Ђэлелти = to mother(a child)
Дођэлелти = to have mothered(a child)
5) If the verb starts with Ŵ or W then add the prefix "Со-".
ex:
Ŵади = to treat
Соŵади = to have treated
Wади = to dig
Соwади = to have dug
Here we're going to go over the perfect aspect in both the past tense and the future tense. The last section went over how to form the perfect aspect, but only in the present tense. To form the perfect aspect in the past tense you will just use the particle "Ла" and that's it. For example:
Веди = to see
Ла паведи = to had seen
And that's it for the perfect past aspect. Now time for the perfect future aspect. To form this aspect, you will use "Чти" and turn that into the its perfect form: Чти = will be, Пачти = will have been. However we're not done yet. Once you've turned "Чти" to its perfect form, then you must turn the verb that it is modifying into its perfect form as well and replace its ending with "-на". For example:
Чти веди = will see
Пачти паведна = will have seen.
And that's it.
Here are just a few sentence that are using verbal aspects.
Вешас, ŵэ ла субати ал эташобэ. = Yesterday, I had gone to the store.
Омим пачум спавна гуспэра у ношдасэ. = They will have prepared the food by tonight. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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