Shùngchǒu's Grammar
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 18 Oct 2023, 16:44.
[comments] sngcgrammarsyntaxcase
Shùngchǒu's word order is VOS. egknow 2Second person (person)
addressee (you) 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I!
I know you!
There are nominative and accusative markers, but they're not used for pronouns or proper nouns. (tu_word = accusative, xï_word = nominative) eg
know ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient dog NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument person.
The person knows the dog.
There are a few exceptions for when you use the nominative and accusative markers. One of them is the inactive voice. You mark the inactive voice by switching the subject and the object, and now, both the subject and the object get marked no matter what. (tu would still mark the patient and xï would mark the agent, so I guess you could call them patient and agent markers instead) eg
know ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.
I am known.
Chǒu xï hï tu pē.
know NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument 3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient person.
The person is known by them.
Nouns are head initial, so numerals, adjectives, relative clauses etc come after the noun. Relative clauses are marked by the genitive, and there are no relative pronouns. This is also one of the times that all noun are marked. eg
person GENGenitive (case)
possessive know ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
the person that I know
The only thing words are marked for in
Shùngchǒu is case. The nominative, accusative and genitive cases are marked by a preposition, but the rest of the cases have conjugations. If a marked noun is only one syllable, then a word that describes it should be put after it. egcliff.LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc earth
at the cliff
To command someone you just make the subject a vocative. eg
eat 2Second person (person)
addressee (you).VOCVocative (case)
'O [addressee]'!
Eat!
For yes or no questions you just reduplicate the word that you're inquiring about. eg
know know 2Second person (person)
addressee (you) 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
Do I know you?
For other questions you replace the information that you're asking about with "che". Basically what Chinese does with 什么. eg
know ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient what 2Second person (person)
addressee (you)
What do you know?
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