Yongnagumei [YGM]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 4 June 2018
Language type
Artistic Language (Artlang)
Species
Human/humanoid
About Yongnagumei
Yongnagumei is a minority language spoken on the Island and County of Yongnagumei in Mikyo. Descended from
Medieval Mikyoan and related to 
Mikyoan, Yongnagumei is often considered a dialect of Mikyoan, however, it is mutually unintelligible with Mikyoan and differs significantly in grammar, vocabulary, and phonology. Yongnagumei lacks a standard dialect, however, the Central Dialect is the most commonly taught and understood dialect and is commonly accepted in place of a standard. Yongnagumei is the co-official language of Yongnagumei County in Mikyo, alongside Mikyoan, and is spoken by around a third of all county residents as a home language.
Yongnagumei, though related to Mikyoan, differs significantly to the language spoken on the main islands. Yongnagumei includes contour tones, dual and plural forms of nouns (which are absent in Standard Mikyoan,) a simplified tense system, four main registers (compared to Mikyoan's five main registers,) SOV sentence structure, word and sentence final particles, and significant dialectal variation. Yongnagumei is also rich in vowels and consonants vary frequently by dialect.
Yongnagumei, once the language of prestige on the island, is decreasing in speakers due to its lack of use in education and in government. Mikyoan and English (the languages of government and education in Mikyo) are slowly replacing the Yongnagumei language, as the language today is more commonly spoken by the older generation than by younger Yongnagumei people, who frequently speak Mikyoan and English with only some influence of the Yongnagumei language.
Yongnagumei was the island's language of nobility and prestige from the 16th century into the 20th century, and has been influenced by nearby languages including
Kampanamgapay, 
Penghu, Taiwanese Mandarin, and other more distant languages including Mainland Japanese, Hindi (introduced through Buddhism), English, and Korean.
Yongnagumei is a minority language spoken on the Island and County of Yongnagumei in Mikyo. Descended from
Medieval Mikyoan and related to Mikyoan, Yongnagumei is often considered a dialect of Mikyoan, however, it is mutually unintelligible with Mikyoan and differs significantly in grammar, vocabulary, and phonology. Yongnagumei lacks a standard dialect, however, the Central Dialect is the most commonly taught and understood dialect and is commonly accepted in place of a standard. Yongnagumei is the co-official language of Yongnagumei County in Mikyo, alongside Mikyoan, and is spoken by around a third of all county residents as a home language.Yongnagumei, though related to Mikyoan, differs significantly to the language spoken on the main islands. Yongnagumei includes contour tones, dual and plural forms of nouns (which are absent in Standard Mikyoan,) a simplified tense system, four main registers (compared to Mikyoan's five main registers,) SOV sentence structure, word and sentence final particles, and significant dialectal variation. Yongnagumei is also rich in vowels and consonants vary frequently by dialect.
Yongnagumei, once the language of prestige on the island, is decreasing in speakers due to its lack of use in education and in government. Mikyoan and English (the languages of government and education in Mikyo) are slowly replacing the Yongnagumei language, as the language today is more commonly spoken by the older generation than by younger Yongnagumei people, who frequently speak Mikyoan and English with only some influence of the Yongnagumei language.
Yongnagumei was the island's language of nobility and prestige from the 16th century into the 20th century, and has been influenced by nearby languages including
Kampanamgapay, Penghu, Taiwanese Mandarin, and other more distant languages including Mainland Japanese, Hindi (introduced through Buddhism), English, and Korean.Language family relationships
Language treeJaponic
⤷ Proto-Japonic
⤷ Ryukyuan
⤷ Western Ryukyuan
⤷ Medieval Mikyoan
⤷
Yongnagumei
⤷ Proto-Japonic
⤷ Ryukyuan
⤷ Western Ryukyuan
⤷
Medieval Mikyoan⤷
Yongnagumei[view] About JaponicThe Japonic language family includes the Japanese language spoken on the main islands of Japan as well as the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands. The family is widely accepted by linguists, and the term "Japonic languages" was coined by ...
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ɴ1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p [pʼ]2 | b | t [tʼ]3 | d | k [kʼ]4 | g | [ʔ]5 | |||||||||||||||
| Fricative | [ɸʷ:ˠ]6 | [βʷ:ˠ]7 | s | ʃ | [ʂʷ:ˠ]8 | ʐ | ɕ | [xʷ:]9 x̞ʷ: | [ʁ]10 | h | ||||||||||||
| Affricate | [t͡ʃ]11 | [d͡ʒ]12 | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ | [c͡ç]13 | [ɟ͡ʝ]14 | ||||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l15 | ɭ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | [ɹ]16 | ɻ | w | |||||||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Implosive | [ɓ]17 | [ɗ̪]18 | [ɠ]19 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Blends | kw | mw | nw | gw | mɰ | nɦ | bɦ | dɦ | ŋɦ | mɦ |
| gɦ | gɦw | ŋw | we | wi | ŋɰ | nɰ | wɛ |
- Syllable final
- Occuring after [ʔ], allophone of /p/
- Occuring after [ʔ], allophone of /t/
- Occuring after [ʔ], allophone of /k/
- Occurs in coda positions, allophone of /k/
- allophone of /x̞ʷ:/
- allophone of /x̞ʷ:/
- allophone of /x̞ʷ:/
- allophone of /x̞ʷ:/
- allophone of /ɾ/
- allophone of /t͡ɕ/
- allophone of /d͡ʑ/
- allophone of /t͡ɕ/
- allophone of /d͡ʑ/
- In several dialects, /l/ is in free variation with /ɾ/
- allophone of /ɾ/
- Occuring after [ʔ], allophone of /b/
- Occuring after [ʔ], allophone of /d/
- Occuring after [ʔ], allophone of /g/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | i | [y]1 | ɨ | u | ||
| Close-mid | e | [ø]2 | o | |||
| Mid | ə [ə˞]3 | |||||
| Open-mid | [ɛ]4 | [œ]5 | ||||
| Near-open | æ | [ɐ]6 | ||||
| Open | ä | |||||
- allophone of /wi/
- allophone of /we/
- allophone of /ɭ/
- allophone of /æ/
- allophone of /wɛ/
- allophone of /æ/
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Yongnagumei. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| YongnagumeiOrthography [edit] | ||||||||
| ㄱ/g/, [ɠ]1 | ㄲ/nw/, /ŋɦ/, /gɦ/, /ŋ/, /nɰ/ | ㄴ/nɦ/, /n/, /ɴ/2, /ŋw/, /ŋɰ/ | ㄷ/d/, [ɗ̪]3, [ʔ]4 | ㄸ/dɦ/ | ㄹ/l/5, /ɭ/, /ʐ/, /ɾ/, /ɻ/, [ə˞], [ɹ], [ʁ] | ㅁ/mw/, /mɰ/, /mɦ/, /m/ | ㅂ/b/, [ɓ]6 | ㅃ/bɦ/ |
| ㅅ/s/, /ɕ/, /ʃ/ | ㅈ/d͡ʑ/, [ɟ͡ʝ], [d͡ʒ] | ㅊ/t͡ɕ/, [t͡ʃ], [c͡ç] | ㅋ/k/, [kʼ]7 | ㅌ/t/, [tʼ]8 | ㅍ/p/, [pʼ]9 | ㅎ/h/ | ㅏ/ä/, [ɐ], [ɐ] | ㅐ/ɛ/, /æ/, [ɛ] |
| ㅓ/ə/ | ㅔ/e/ | ㅗ/o/ | ㅙ/wɛ/, [œ] | ㅜ/u/ | ㅞ/we/, [ø] | ㅟ/wi/, [y] | ㅢ/ɨ/ | ㅣ/i/ |
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | ||||||||
- Occuring after [ʔ]
- Syllable final
- Occuring after [ʔ]
- Occurs in coda positions
- In several dialects, /l/ is in free variation with /ɾ/
- Occuring after [ʔ]
- Occuring after [ʔ]
- Occuring after [ʔ]
- Occuring after [ʔ]
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