Dorian [DORI]
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Typology
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13 words
Dorian
Dorini [doʁini]*
DorianDorini [doʁini]*
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 21 April 2021
Language type
A priori
Species
Human/humanoid
Sample of DorianCan't find any yet.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | [ɳ]1 | ɲ2 | [ŋ]3 | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t4 | d5 | ʈ6 | ɖ7 | k | g | q8 | |||||||||
| Fricative | s | [ʃ]9 | ʂ10 | ʁ11 | h12 | |||||||||||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ13 | d͡ʒ14 | [ʈ͡ʂ]15 | [ɖ͡ʐ]16 | ||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l17 | [ɭ]18 | [ʎ]19 | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j20 | w21 | ||||||||||||||||
| Flap | [ɾ]22 | [ɽ]23 | ||||||||||||||||
- In dark words, allophone of /ɲ/
- Becomes [ŋ] finally and [ɲ] in dark words. Is own phoneme and also realization of geminate /n/.
- Word-finally, allophone of /ɲ/
- May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- Becomes [ɾ] intervocalically. May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- Becomes [ɽ] intervocalically. May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- May al so be realized as [ʔ k ħ Ø].
- In words containing post-alveolars or sometimes also alveolars, allophone of /ʂ/
- May be realized as [ʃ] in words which contain alveolars.
- May also be realized as [χ h ɣ w β v ʋ ʁʷ ɣʷ ʍ].
- Is very light and is many times elided in quick speech. Doesn't appear between like vowels.
- May not occur before unstressed or stressed penultimate /a/. Becomes [ʈʂ] in dark words.
- May not occur before unstressed or stressed penultimate /a/. Becomes [ɖʐ] in dark words.
- In dark words, allophone of /t͡ʃ/
- In dark words, allophone of /d͡ʒ/
- Becomes [ɾ~ʁ] ⟨r⟩ finally.
- In dark words, allophone of /l/
- Realization of geminate /l/.
- Only appears in codas after /a u e/.
- May also be realized as [v ʋ β], especially when geminated. Only appears in codas after /a o i/.
- Allophone of /d/ intervocalically and of /l/ finally.
- Allophone of /ɖ/ intervocalically.
| Vowels | Front | Back | ||
| Close | i1 | u2 | ||
| Close-mid | e3 | o4 | ||
| Open | a5 | |||
- Becomes [ɨ] before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/, and [ɪ] unstressed in quick speech medially.
- Becomes [ʉ] before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/, and [ʊ] unstressed in quick speech medially.
- Doesn't occur in monosyllables, and only occurs in open syllables excepting /ej/.
- Does not occur in monosyllables, and only occurs in open syllables except for in /ow/.
- Becomes [ɑ] before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/.
Syllable StructureDorian syllable structure is (C)V(R). The onset consonant is only optional initially.
The coda may be one of /N G j w/ word-internally, where /N/ means a nasal assimilating to the place of the following consonant, and /G/ means a geminate of the following consonant. Word-finally, however, the coda can be one of /N l j w s/. /N/ in sandhi assimilates to following consonants. If a vowel is following, typically the /N/ retains its place as whatever nasal it's written as (/ɲ/ becomes [ŋ] here though). Utterance-finally, /N/ can either retain its place, nasalize the vowel, or become [ŋ].
Word Structure:
Almost all roots are bisyllabic with the structure (C)V(C)CV(C).
Simple CVCV is predominant.
Most suffixes are monosyllabic CV, but some are CVCV, CCV, CCVCV, or even VCV.
The coda may be one of /N G j w/ word-internally, where /N/ means a nasal assimilating to the place of the following consonant, and /G/ means a geminate of the following consonant. Word-finally, however, the coda can be one of /N l j w s/. /N/ in sandhi assimilates to following consonants. If a vowel is following, typically the /N/ retains its place as whatever nasal it's written as (/ɲ/ becomes [ŋ] here though). Utterance-finally, /N/ can either retain its place, nasalize the vowel, or become [ŋ].
Word Structure:
Almost all roots are bisyllabic with the structure (C)V(C)CV(C).
Simple CVCV is predominant.
Most suffixes are monosyllabic CV, but some are CVCV, CCV, CCVCV, or even VCV.
Stress informationStress the third-to-last mora in every word except if it's in a monomoraic syllable and there's a bimoraic syllable later (aka if the penult. is light and the ult. is heavy, stress the ult.).
Closed syllables are bimoraic.
Open syllables with nuclei /e o/ are bimoraic.
Other bimoraic open syllables are represented with ácute accents when the syllable is stressed.
Importantly: the mora system in Dorini is basically solely for stress purposes. Bimoraic and monomoraic open syllables are pronounced the same (if both are the same stressed or unstressed); vowel length distinctions have been lost historically.
Closed syllables are bimoraic.
Open syllables with nuclei /e o/ are bimoraic.
Other bimoraic open syllables are represented with ácute accents when the syllable is stressed.
Importantly: the mora system in Dorini is basically solely for stress purposes. Bimoraic and monomoraic open syllables are pronounced the same (if both are the same stressed or unstressed); vowel length distinctions have been lost historically.
OtherIn quick speech:
Vowels center before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/ (typically /a e i o u/ move towards [ɑ ɜ ɨ ɞ ʉ]).
Mid and high vowels center when unstressed (typically /i e/ become [ɪ] and /u o/ become [ʊ].
Retroflex Harmony:
Every word is either dark or light. If a word has retroflexes, it is dark. Otherwise, it is light. Dark words may not have alveolars – meaning, alveolars and retroflexes can't coexist in the same word. In dark words, /ɲ/ becomes [ɳ] and /tʃ dʒ/ become [ʈʂ ɖʐ].
Gemination and Degemination
In fast speech, sometimes geminates degeminate or become different consonants. Geminate /l/ becomes /ʎ/ and geminate /n/ becomes /ɲ/. Geminate /w/ can become /v/ in some dialects, and geminate /h/ can become /x/. Geminate stops usually just degeminate to a single version of the stop; however, this can have an effect on the phonotactics – when alveolar and retroflex plosives are geminated, they can exist before stressed mid/high vowels, meaning that if they are degeminated, they will be able to exist there as well, lifting those phonotactical restraints.
Dialectal Variation
Dialectal variation is expanded upon in the various dialect pages; however, there are a few common threads. /h/ is often lost, /q/ can be [ʔ k ħ Ø], /ʁ/ can be [χ h ɣ w β v ʋ ʁʷ ɣʷ ʍ], the diphthongs have varying pronunciations, and unstressed vowels delete or devoice commonly.
Vowels center before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/ (typically /a e i o u/ move towards [ɑ ɜ ɨ ɞ ʉ]).
Mid and high vowels center when unstressed (typically /i e/ become [ɪ] and /u o/ become [ʊ].
Retroflex Harmony:
Every word is either dark or light. If a word has retroflexes, it is dark. Otherwise, it is light. Dark words may not have alveolars – meaning, alveolars and retroflexes can't coexist in the same word. In dark words, /ɲ/ becomes [ɳ] and /tʃ dʒ/ become [ʈʂ ɖʐ].
Gemination and Degemination
In fast speech, sometimes geminates degeminate or become different consonants. Geminate /l/ becomes /ʎ/ and geminate /n/ becomes /ɲ/. Geminate /w/ can become /v/ in some dialects, and geminate /h/ can become /x/. Geminate stops usually just degeminate to a single version of the stop; however, this can have an effect on the phonotactics – when alveolar and retroflex plosives are geminated, they can exist before stressed mid/high vowels, meaning that if they are degeminated, they will be able to exist there as well, lifting those phonotactical restraints.
Dialectal Variation
Dialectal variation is expanded upon in the various dialect pages; however, there are a few common threads. /h/ is often lost, /q/ can be [ʔ k ħ Ø], /ʁ/ can be [χ h ɣ w β v ʋ ʁʷ ɣʷ ʍ], the diphthongs have varying pronunciations, and unstressed vowels delete or devoice commonly.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Dorian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 DorianOrthography [edit] | ||||||||
| Aa/a/1 | Bb/b/ | CH ch/t͡ʃ/2 | Dd/d/3 | DH dh/ɖ/4 | Ee/e/5 | Gg/g/ | Hh/h/6 | Ii/i/7 |
| Jj/d͡ʒ/8 | Kk/k/ | Ll/l/9 | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/ | NH nh/ɲ/10 | Oo/o/11 | Pp/p/ | Qq/q/12 |
| Rr/ʁ/13 | Ss/s/ | SH sh/ʂ/14 | Tt/t/15 | TH th/ʈ/16 | Uu/u/17 | Ww/w/18 | Yy/j/19 | |
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | ||||||||
- Becomes [ɑ] before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/.
- May not occur before unstressed or stressed penultimate /a/. Becomes [ʈʂ] in dark words.
- Becomes [ɾ] intervocalically. May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- Becomes [ɽ] intervocalically. May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- Doesn't occur in monosyllables, and only occurs in open syllables excepting /ej/.
- Is very light and is many times elided in quick speech. Doesn't appear between like vowels.
- Becomes [ɨ] before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/, and [ɪ] unstressed in quick speech medially.
- May not occur before unstressed or stressed penultimate /a/. Becomes [ɖʐ] in dark words.
- Becomes [ɾ~ʁ] ⟨r⟩ finally.
- Becomes [ŋ] finally and [ɲ] in dark words. Is own phoneme and also realization of geminate /n/.
- Does not occur in monosyllables, and only occurs in open syllables except for in /ow/.
- May al so be realized as [ʔ k ħ Ø].
- May also be realized as [χ h ɣ w β v ʋ ʁʷ ɣʷ ʍ].
- May be realized as [ʃ] in words which contain alveolars.
- May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- May not occur before stressed mid and high vowels.
- Becomes [ʉ] before /ʈ ɖ q ʁ/, and [ʊ] unstressed in quick speech medially.
- May also be realized as [v ʋ β], especially when geminated. Only appears in codas after /a o i/.
- Only appears in codas after /a u e/.
