The Subject Cases
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Description of 3/12 Grammatical Cases
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 28 Sep 2016, 15:45.
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5. Motion Cases
[top]Introduction to Nouns
All nouns end in either a consonant or –e. Nouns that end in –e are typically derived from verbs, although that is more a tendency rather than an explicit rule. Nouns that end in consonants can also be related to a verb but it is less common, and in most of those cases the verb was actually derived from the noun.
There is one special class of nouns, used to describe “a person who does X” and these end in -pus. There are a few exceptions, such as“leader”which does not translate to“one who leads”
⁃ Sighepus; Prophet (lit. “a person who sees”)
⁃ Avispus; Soldier (lit. “a person who wars”)
⁃ Zařetsepus; Student (lit. “a person who studies”)
⁃ Njethepus; Believer (lit. “a person who believes”)
Nouns decline based on their role in the sentence. All in all, Tyranoquese has 12 distinct cases split into four general groups. Noun declension involves two classes: singular and plural. Tyranoquese does not have gender or animacy distinctions. The three “subject cases” are the nominative, intransitive, and comitative.
[top]The Nominative Case
The nominative case is the primary subject of the clause and is the base or neutral form for all nouns. The singular form of the noun does not decline in the nominative case, while the plural adds
Other examples include:
⁃ Iljui věkižjob akižjobe;The river flows south
⁃ Iljui vukižjob akižjobum;The rivers flow south
[top]The Intransitive Case
The intransitive case is used exclusively for subjects (i.e. patients) in passive voice constructions. Endings are again added to the noun stem.
The agent of a passive voice construction can be expressed with the instrumental case, described later.
[top]The Comitative Case
The comitative case is used to describe being together with or in the company of something or someone else. In English, the word “with” is used to express this idea. Note, when discussing actions done with a specific object, (e.g. “I cut the bread with the knife”), the instrumental case is used instead of the comitative. Endings are added to the noun stem.
The comitative case is also used in some adverb formation, described later.
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