Derivational Suffixes
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Reference of derivational suffixes in Nithalos
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 9 Feb 2015, 23:18.
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
[top]Agentiser (verb to noun): -am
The suffix -am is a loosely used suffix that can mean:
- the item used to do the action; or
- a person who does the action
These suffixes are highly irregular in the way they are attached to the verb, and their final meaning. In some cases, the -am is attached directly to the end of the infinitive verb:
| havi dry, to | > | haviam drier (machine) |
| šopi protect, to | šopiam guardian/protector (person) | |
| đai love, to | đaiam lover (person) | |
| tansi visit, to | tansiam visitor (person) |
-am can also be attached directly to the end of the verb after making the verb passive by changing the final -i to -a. These forms are completely arbitrarily formed as this derivation does not greatly differ in purpose or final meaning to those above, or those below. Note that the final -a from the verb, and the inital -a in the -am suffix do not merge. The resulting noun ends in -aam which is pronounced /ajam/. Some examples:
| atahi attach, to | > | atahaam attacker |
| mori receive, to | moraam recipient | |
| arvi give, to | arvaam servant (not 'slave') | |
| musni steal, to | musnaam thief |
Aside from the two above, -am can also be added to the stem of a verb (the infinitive without the -i ending), an irregular stem of the verb (for example, the word 'worker' below), or it can also be attached to the end of noun to change the meaning of the noun.
| rapti work, to | > | rapiam worker |
| pedag farm [n] | pedagam farmer | |
| samsei war [n] | samseiam soldier | |
| pahaki explode, to | pahakam explosive (bomb etc.) |
[top]Personifier: -kit
I don't really know what to call this suffix, however this one comes from the Nithalos word for person: kit and is often attached to words (as either kit or ki) to give an occupation, or show a particular group or type of people. Often the original word is distorted. Some examples below.
| tura temple | > | takit priest |
| koni country | konkit citizen | |
| tino small [adj] | tinkit dwarf | |
| marev ocean, sea | marevki pirate |
[top]Location: -pada
The suffix -pada ('pada' by itself means 'port') is used to show a place where something happens. This could be a specific location, or building.
For example:
| šoya sky [n] | + pada = | šoyapada airport [n] |
| nerti sleep, to [v] | nerpada bed [n] | |
| tomni capture, to [v] | tompada prison [n] |
[top]Room: -sen
The suffix -(e)sen means specifically a room where something happens. This comes from the word for room: kesen. Often an <e> is inserted between the end of the root word and the suffix to act as a buffer vowel. Sometimes this includes the morphing of the final vowel into <e>.
| opri teach, to [v] | + sen = | oprisen classroom [n] |
| kuram car, vehicle [n] | kurasen garage [n] | |
| nerti sleep, to [v] | nertesen bedroom [n] |
[top]-Ologies: -do(una)
The suffix -do is used to show a the way or method that something happens, or to show an action. These are often used for fields of study. The -douna suffix is used when specifically referring to the study of that thing. For example:
| adev life [n] | + do = | adevdo biology [n] (general) |
| + douna = | adevdouna biology [n] (the academic study of) | |
| karda body [n] | + do = | kardodo exercise [n] (physical) |
| + douna = | kardadouna physiology [n] (the academic study of) |
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