Verbs

A single verb in English requires two words in Shikathi. Shikathi verbs are actually phrases composed of two words: a noun, adjective or adposition, plus a verbalizer. As the name suggests, the verbalizer makes the preceding word(s) function like verbs. Although the verbalizer itself has no direct translation into English. The verbalizer is the only true verb in Shikathi, as it is the one that indicates action and is conjugated based on subject, tense, and aspect.

There are three principle verbalizers:

intransitive / middle voice: akām
transitive: lator
passive voice/ inchoative / deponent : ekrō

Here are some examples:
ora = fire
orā akām = (intransitive) to be on fire / (middle voice) to set oneself on fire
orā lator = to set (something) on fire
ora ekrō = to be set on fire

orāðī = hot
oraðī akām = to be hot
oraðī lator = to heat
orāði ekrō = to be heated or to become/get hot

For other types of verbalizers, see the article on pro-verbs and converbs.

[top]Conjugations

There are two methods to conjugating the verbalizer.

Method 1:
Add a subject prefix to the verbalizer. The subject prefixes are as follows:

ūm	il	indra	aea	zen	tos	kū	ne or nē
1st person	2nd person	3rd person masculine	3rd person feminine	indefinite (one/someone)	indefinite (no one)	3rd person neuter	reciprocal

Add the suffix -ky for the indeterminate plural.

Some examples:

orāðī ūmakam = I am hot.
orāðī ūmakāmky = We (unknown number) are hot.
pishton orāðī indrālator = He heats up the food.
pishton orāðī zenlātr = Someone is heating up the food.
pishton orāðī zenlatorky = (Some) People are heating up the food.
orāðī kūekrō ämdrā = It gets hot here.

Method 2A:
Instead of the subject prefix, use the nominative case of the personal pronoun at the beginning of the sentence. Use this method for adding emphasis on who's doing the action.

The personal pronouns are as follows:

vlam	vlal	vlāndra	vlaea	vlazn	vlaos	vlākū	vlāne
1st person	2nd person	3rd person masculine	3rd person feminine	indefinite (one/someone)	indefinite (no one)	3rd person neuter	reciprocal

The suffix -ky is now added to the pronoun for the indeterminate plural.

Some examples:

vlam oraðī akām = I myself am hot / I am the one that is hot.
vlamky oraðī akām = We ourselves are hot. / We are the ones that are hot.
vlāndra pishton oraðī lator = He himself heats up the food. / He is the one that heats up the food.

Method 2B:
When the subject is a noun, rather than pronoun, it will fall at the beginning of the sentence or clause. The verb will usually be placed at the end. The verbalizer will not have a subject prefix attached unless it is for extra emphasis.

Some examples:

pishton oraðī akām = The food is hot.
pishton orāðī kūakām = The food itself is hot. / The food is the thing that's hot.

[top]Tense / Mood / Aspect

The verbalizer gives information of tense, mood, and aspect using combination of affixes and conjugations. There are three tenses (present, past, future), and four aspects (imperfective, progressive, perfective, habitual). There are two moods: Indicative and the Irrealis, which serves as subjunctive, imperative and conditional.

The list of tenses and corresponding verbalizers are outlined below:

(*) indicates an irregular form.

Indicative	akām	lator	ekrō	Example
Present	akām	lator	ekrō	onō ūmlator. = I give a gift.
Present Habitual	kākam	kālator	kaekrō	onō ūmkālator. = I always/usually give a gift.
Present Progressive	kash	tōsh	krōsh	onō ūmtōsh. = I am giving a gift.
Present Progressive Habitual	*kykash	*kytōsh	*kykrōsh	onō ūmktōsh... = I am always/usually giving a gift when.....
Present Perfect	arion	lātrion	orion	onō ūmlātrion. = I have given a gift.
Present Perfect Habitual	kārion	*klātrion	kaorion	onō ūmklātrion.= I have always/usually given a gift.
Preterite	torakam	*torlātr (or) torlator	*trekrō	onō ūmtorlator. = I gave a gift.
Imperfect	*kytorakam	*kytorlator	*kytrekrō	onō ūmkytorlator. = I used to give a gift. I always/usually gave a gift.
Past Progressive	torkash	tortōsh	torkrōsh	onō ūmtortōsh. = I was giving a gift.
Past Progressive Habitual	*kytorkysh	*kytortōsh	*kytorkrōsh	onō ūmkytortōsh... = I was always giving a gift when...
Past Perfect	*trarion (tyrarion)	*tyrlātrion	*trorion (tyrorion)	onō ūmtyrlātrion. = I had given a gift.
Past Perfect Habitual	*kytrarion	*kātyrlātrion	*kytrorion	onō ūmkātyrlātrion. = I had always given a gift.
Future	kīakam	*kīlātr	kiekrō	onō ūmkīlātr. = I will give a gift.
Future Habitual	*kykīakam	*kykīlator	kakiekrō	onō ūmkykīlator. = I will always/usually give a gift.
Future Progressive	*kīkysh	*kītysh	*kīkrō	onō ūmkītysh. = I will be giving a gift...
Future Progressive Habitual	*kykīkysh	*kykītysh	*kykīkrō	onō ūmkykītysh. = I will always/usually be giving a gift.
Future Perfect	kiarion	kīlātrion	kiorion	onō ūmkīlātrion. = I will have given a gift
Future Perfect Habitual	kakiarion	kakīlātrion	kakiorion	onō ūmkakīlātrion. = I will have always/usually given a gift.
Past Future	kītorakām	kītorlator	kītrekrō	onō ūmkītorlator. = I was going to give a gift. / I said that I would give a gift.

Irrealis	akām	lator	ekrō	Example
Present	aren	lātren	oren	onō ilātren. = Give a gift! / May you give a gift.
Present Habitual/Progressive	kāren	kalātren	kaoren	onō ilkalātren. = Keep giving a gift! / May you always give a gift. /May you continue giving a gift
Past / Past Perfect / Present Perfect	*traren	*tyrlātren	*troren	onō iltyrlātren. = You might have given / You would have given / If you gave... / If you had given... / If you have given... (in the past)
Past Habitual / Progressive	*kytraren	*katyrlātren	*kytroren	onō ilkatyrlātren. = You might have always given. / If you always gave... / If you have always given...
Future/ Future Perfect	kiaren	kīlātren	kioren	onō ilkīlātren. = It's possible that you will give/have given. If you give... / If you have given... (in the future)
Future Habitual / Progressive	kakiaren	kakīlātren	kakioren	onō ilkakīlātren. = It's possible that you will be giving. / If you are giving...(in the future) / If you have been giving (in the future) / You would give...
Past Future	kītraren	kītyrlātren	kītroren	onō ilkītyrlātren. = It's possible that you were going to give. / If you were going to give

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