History of Retenia: view article

Dates with "*" are generally from legendary source and are not sure, but it is quite sure that theses events succeeded but maybe dates are not exact.

Most dates in Prehistory and Antiquity are based on archeological sources.

Prehistory

5000 BC - 3000 BC: an unknown civilisation has built megalithics monuments in the Plateau of Eastern Retenia. It's maybe peoples of the same cultures who built megalithics structures in continental Western Europe and in Great Britain.

4000 BC - 2000 BC: Southern Retenia is dominated by the Crenellated ceramic bowl culture.

Before 2000 BC: Central plain of Retenia was inhabited by a Pre-Retenian people called "Aratti" in Retenians antic texts.
Aratti language is rather unknown because they never used a true writing system, except before its extinction. Some words in modern

Standard Retenian are from aratti origin.

3000 BC - 1500 BC: Presence of the Sugaic culture on the Eastern Retenia plateau.

2200 BC: apparition of symbols with religious connotations (proto writing system) around Nimatara river.

2000 BC - 1900 BC: Proto Retenian migration into the island of Retenia, they are Indo-Europeans from continental Europe and carry the R1b haplogroup, they know bronze, copper and tin metallurgy. This migration replaced the original man population that was in majority I haplogroup and unlike in continental Western Europe, a language replacement happened.

2000 BC - 1600 BC Beginning of bronze metallurgy in Eastern Retenia that then expand to the south and then the west.

1800 BC - 1700 BC:

Southern Retenic and Central Plain Retenian begin to diverge.

Antiquity

1600 BC - 1500 BC: Rise of the first city states around Nimatara, Mitari and Nara rivers in the central plain.

1500 BC*: Establishment of the seven kingdoms of Retenia and rise of

Old Retenian from the dialect of Central Plain Retenian spoken near the Nimatara river.

1450 BC (estimation): Extinction of Aratti language. The use of the language gradually reduced since the arrival of proto-retenians.

1400 BC: Migration of some retenians from the Central Plain to the western hills following up the Nimatara river. Later, theses peoples will be called "

Dunari" by Central Retenians.

1392 BC* - 1386 BC*: Queen Amaratsugita unite the seven kingdom and found the Amarenu kingdom ruled by Amarenu dynasty.

1300 BC: First texts attested in the Ancient Retenian logographic writing system.

1250 BC*: Amarenu kingdom expand to the south untill the ocean.

1100 BC: Extinction of

Southern Retenic in southern and south-eastern parts of Retenia, replaced by

Old Retenian.

1067 BC*: Military campaign of King Dayarsin IV against the Dunaris. Amarenu kingdom occupes the territories around the Dawra river at north and high Nimatara river at south of the Dunaris homeland.

974 BC*: Revolts of the Dunaris

971 BC*: Destruction of Amedura by Ulkurash The Great, king of the Dunaris and fall of the Amarenu kingdom. Ulkurash the great became the "Emperor of all Raytas and Dunaris".

969 BC*: Ulkurash choose Tauraya (nowadays called Etora) as capital for his empire. It's a city between the Central Plain and the South-Eastern mountain range between central and southern Retenia. The local dialect of

Old Retenian, called

Taurayan, became the new official language and lingua franca in the Taurayan empire.

700 BC - 600 BC: Intensification of trading between South-East Retenia (Especially the cities of Anenara and Awkuda, on the island of Kassira in the Taurayan Empire) and the Mediterranean sea.
A new writing system based on the Phoenician abjad is created in South-East Retenia: The Anenaran abugida.
This abugida will evolute in a true syllabary after "simplifications" of the letters that will lead in the creation of unique symbols.
Also related to the introduction of Iron metallurgy in the South-East that then expand to the plain of the Nimarra river and from here to the rest of the island.

600 BC - 500 BC: Migration and installation of Celts (Gaulish) in North-West of Retenia.

436 BC - 434 BC: Succession war in the Taurayan Empire.

434 BC: The city of Anenara became independant from the Taurayan Empire.

230 BC -180 BC: Gaulish invasions of Central Retenia from the North-West.

228 BC: Dayodaru of Agerura, a philosoph write about the Galahian (Gaulish): "I found an abundance of similarities between their language of our languages, it's not very different from the speech of the peoples that live in the South-West of our island"

224 BC: Collapse of the Taurayan Empire

221 BC: Nimarrakana ferderate the Raytas of the central plain divided after the Taurayan collapse to fight against the Galahians (Gaulish of Retenia) invaders.

221 BC: Boduorî, the leader of the Saleni Galahian clan is killed during the battle of Katora by troops leaded by Nimarrakana.
Nimarrakana is considered as the reincarnation of Amaradakhata.

219 BC: Nimarrakana is defeated during the battle of Surasuma by Berigorî, that proclame himself first king of the Limani kingdom. Nimarrakana is captured and executed. Untill today, she still be a symbol of the resistance and bravery of the Retenian people.

110 BC - 60 BC: Domination of a great part of the Central Plain by the Limani clan leaded by Segomaru, followed by his son Dagomaru (they were one of the galahian clans that invade the Retenian Central Plain but they adopted the culture and language of Retenians).

92 BC: Segomaru decide to use the Anenaran syllabary (yet massively used in the south-east) to replace the traditionnal Retenian writing system (logographic/syllabic symbols). He does'nt know that this processus of replacement will last 500 years during which the new Retenian syllabary will be used alongside with the old Retenian syllabary and logograms.

60 BC: Dagomaru at his 24 years declare himself emperor and successor of the Taurayan Empire and walk with is troop to the South with the idea of reach the ocean (and take Etora) but he is stopped before reaching Etora by the Southern league leaded by Tawrosoku II, king of Anenara. The battle occure in Mahitsana (nowadays Maysana) and Dagomaru is killed while his first wife, Narasarruta, the princess of Heran his pregnant of their son and successor of Dagomaru. Following the Retenian tradition of this time, Narasarruta must become the Queen of the Limani kingdom but some familiars of Dagomaru are not agree with that because Narasarruta is Retenian-ethnic and the succession in the Galahian clans that rule the central plain is patrilinear, so the brother of Dagomaru proclame himself King of the Limanis but he is not alone with this idea... but Narasarruta and her familiars are not agree with that, then the war occures.

58 BC: After a conflit that lasted 2 years and the death of Narasarruta, his son Dagomarusin and the brother of Dagomaru and a lot of others peoples, the Limani kingdom is divided but the power over the central plain and northern regions remain in the hands of the Celto-Retenian elite.

57 BC: Tawrosoku II, the king of Anenara declare war to the kingdom of Ritsana, ruled by Dayoray, a descendant of the brother of Segomaru. Tawrosoku win and found the kingdom of Nara and place Ageresarru, his nephew as king.

114 AD: Romans arrive in the region of Cassiria in Eastern Retenia and settle, the conquered territory and found the province of Raetania orientalis.

119 AD: The kingdom of Antaria become a vassal state of Rome.

124 AD: The kingdom of Nara is defeated and conquisted by the kingdom of Antaria.

126 AD: Anenara is conquisted by the Romans.

130 AD: The kingdom of Ritsana is conquisted by Antaria, after that, Antaria leaded by the king Arushanare I begin to expand to West and dominate the plain of the Nimarra.

374 AD: The Antarian king Magitore convert to Christianism, it's the first christian ruler registered in Retenia's History.

390 AD: The Antarian king Tewodoru I end the vassal relation with Rome and betray the Romans by invading Anenara, the Romans then tryed to attacking back but failed miserably at it.

396 AD: The former roman province of Raetenia orientalis is fully conquisted by the Antarian kingdom that extend until northern Makaria that was inabited by celtic tribes at this moment.

405 AD: king Tewodoru I pushing toward north defeat the celts kingdoms in North-West of Retenia and proclame himself an emperor. He then found the vassal kingdom of Garasia where he put Wimaro, a celtic allied as king.

449 AD: The Retenian church (a church of the three councils) is etablished in Lurrata.

Middle ages

584 AD: Migration of some Suebi from Iberian peninsula into southern Retenia leaded by the king Eboric that was exiled by Audeca. The next year, other Suebi migrated to Retenia after that Andeca was deafeated in Galicia by the Visigothic king Leovigild. Eboric then became the king of the vassal kingdom of Garoka where the Suebi were authorised to settle by the Antarian emperor Laudu II. They were installed here to defend the South-western frontier of the Antarian emperor.

720 AD: In the north, Kaamagira, a warlord from the Kuntsanga mountains begins to federate some Retenian clans and extend his territory in the plain of Urida in the North-West.

721 AD - 724 AD: Coastal cities of the South-East part of Antarian empire including Anenara, Errulay and Kaysabanya are plunded by Arabs and Berbers from Al-Andalus, that weakens the Antarian kingdom.

727 AD: Kaamagira, plunds the city of Amedura, just at south of Kuntsanga mountains.

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