Non-finite clause in Ame
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12. Morphosyntax of Ame
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17. Syntax of Ame - Clause
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
A non-finite clause is a dependent or embedded clause whose verbal chain is non-finite, the to-infinitive clause in English is an example of non-finite clause.
In Ame, non-finite clauses may start with tada. As in English, in Ame, non-finite clauses in Ame often act as nominal phrases, and they can be the subject, object, predicate and complements of a sentence. For example:
- tame yaso tada ne heiko da keza - 3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity decide INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb NEGNegative (polarity)
not read DEFDefinite
"the" book - she decided to not read the book.
A non-finite clause can occur as the predicate of a sentence. As non-finite clauses act as nominal phrases, the meaning of non-finite clauses as predicates are similar to the meaning of predicative nominal phrases, that is, when a non-finite clause occur as a predicate, its meaning corresponds to the English "be to V" structure. For example:
- keidjima tada tokeko - happiness INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb share - happiness is to share.
tada can not be omitted when the non-finite clause occurs as the predicate of a sentence.
A non-finite clause can occur as the subject of a clause, in this case, the non-finite clause acts like a simple nominal clause. For example:
- yaki tada tetouki wataari teisa - be.good INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb study foreign language - it is good to study foreign languages.
tada can be omitted when a non-finite clause occurs as the subject of a clause. For example:
- tada soko e yaki keikakoza na ani oka tokaimi - INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb find a good hotel at this town be.difficult - to find a good hotel in this town is difficult.
- tokaimi tada soko e yaki keikakoza na ani oka - be.difficult INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb find a good hotel at this town - it's difficult to find a good hotel in this town.
- soko e yaki keikakoza na ani oka tokaimi - find a good hotel at this town be.difficult - finding a good hotel in this town is difficult.
The subject of the non-finite clause in this case is usually indefinite, to introduce the subject of the non-finite clause, the preposition ta is used. For example:
- yaki ta te tada tetouki wataari teisa - be.good to 2Second person (person)
addressee (you).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb study foreign language - it is good for you to study foreign languages.
- tetouki wataari teisa yaki ta te - study foreign language be.good to 2Second person (person)
addressee (you).SGSingular (number)
one countable entity INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb - studying foreign languages is good for you.
A non-finite clause can occur as the complement of a verb to indicate an action occuring after the action of the main verb, the subject of the non-finite clause is the same as the subject of the main verb. For example:
- da ita mi da oka yakato tada kouto e kaikezo adaa - DEFDefinite
"the" government of DEFDefinite
"the" town plan INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb build a tower there - the town government plans to build a tower there.
- da ya koi hanedo tada kezo - DEFDefinite
"the" person PERFPerfect (aspect/tense)
have verb-ed prepare INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb go - the person has prepared to go.
- tame yaso tada ne heiko da keza - 3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity decide INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb NEGNegative (polarity)
not read DEFDefinite
"the" book - she decided to not read the book.
tada can always be omitted when a non-finite clause occurs as the complement of a verb. When omitting tada, the above sentences are like follows:
- da ita mi da oka yakato kouto e kaikezo adaa - DEFDefinite
"the" government of DEFDefinite
"the" town plan build a tower there - the town government plans to build a tower there.
- da ya koi hanedo kezo - DEFDefinite
"the" person PERFPerfect (aspect/tense)
have verb-ed prepare go - the person has prepared to go.
- tame yaso ne heiko da keza - 3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity decide NEGNegative (polarity)
not read DEFDefinite
"the" book - she decided to not read the book.
A non-finite clause can occur as the object of a preposition. For example:
- tame kezo kerii na da miga i tada meso - 3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity go across DEFDefinite
"the" river by.means.of INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb swim - she went across the river by swimming.
- da ya igaako hitaaka i tada teinaso wataari teinasota - DEFDefinite
"the" person earn money by.means.of INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb sell foreign goods - the person earns money by selling foreign goods.
- ada e yaki naza mi tada kayato e teisa - that.PRONUnknown code a good way of INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb learn a language - that is a good way (for one) to learn a language.
The subject of a non-finite clause as the object of a preposition is the same as the subject of the main verb when the prepositional phrase modifies the clause; the subject of a non-finite clause as the object of a preposition is usually indefinite when the main verb when the prepositional phrase modifies a noun.
tada can always be omitted when a non-finite clause occurs as the object of a preposition. When omitting tada, the above sentences are like follows:
- tame kezo kerii na da miga i meso - 3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity go across DEFDefinite
"the" river by.means.of swim - she went across the river by swimming.
- da ya igaako hitaaka i teinaso wataari teinasota - DEFDefinite
"the" person earn money by.means.of sell foreign goods - the person earns money by selling foreign goods.
- ada e yaki naza mi kayato e teisa - that.PRONUnknown code a good way of learn a language - that is a good way (for one) to learn a language. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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