Mawic Grammar IV.
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Adjectives, Numerals, Adverbs, Adpositions
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 18 Nov 2021, 20:08.
[comments] omwgrammaradjectivesadverbsnumeralsadpositoins
2. Mawic grammar I.
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3. Mawic grammar II.
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4. Mawic grammar III.
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5. Mawic Grammar IV.
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6. Mawic Grammar V.
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Suffix class rules
Palatalization rules
Sometimes consonants of the noun stem palatalize before /i/ or /j/.
/d/ and /g/ turns into /d͡ʒ/
/t/ and /k/ turns into /t͡ʃ/
ect...
It is very hard to predict when this happens, but the suffix classes help us.
Vowel shifting rules
Vowel shifting, or umlaut happens, when there is an /i/ in the suffix. It turns /ɛ/ into /i/ and /a/ into /ɛ/ in the original noun stem. It does not occur in noun stems that already had a vowel shift, or in back vowel words. For example: /ɛ/ will not turn into /i/ if it was /ø/ in the old form. These words are marked in the dictionary with "UML" tag.
Vowel harmony rules
It is the simplest thing. If we add a suffix to a noun stem ending with a back vowel, the /i/ of the suffix must turn into /u/, and the /ɛ/ into /o/.
Word order and copula dropping
In Mawic adjectives usually come after the noun they modify.
Unlike in English, in OMW you can drop the copula, like in The sky is blue. => The sky blue., but only in informal speech in present tense.
Búgwír
Búgwír
bu:gwi:r
grape.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent etéz
etéz
ɛθe:z
sweet.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent
Grape is sweet.
Búgwír
Búgwír
bu:gwi:r
grape.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent etéz
etéz
ɛθe:z
sweet.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent da
da
da
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'
Grape is sweet.
Búgwír
Búgwír
bu:gwi:r
grape.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent etéz
etéz
ɛθe:z
sweet.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent da-d
da-d
da-d
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'
Grape was sweet.
And so on...
Indefinite number:
It is used in two cases.
1. The noun they modify is in the indefinite number.
Seg
Seg
sɛg
stone.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent teg
teg
tɛg
hard.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent
Stone is hard.
2. In statements where the predicate is the adjective itself, like The sky is blue, or The grass is greener and so on.
Drtéb
Drtéb
dr̩te:b
rich.INDFIndefinite
a nonspecific referent.COMPComparative (comparison)
e.g. 'better' da-dig
da-dig
da-ðig
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate-2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you) çen
çen
t͡ʃɛn
3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.GENGenitive (case)
possessive çíǵ
çíǵ
t͡ʃi:ɣ
from
You are richer than him/her.
In other cases the definite forms are used.
Yidi-ḑig
Yidi-ḑig
jiði-d͡ʒig
warrior-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient riḑin-pyigig
riḑin-pyigig
rid͡ʒin-pʲiɣig
brave-SUPSuperlative (comparison)
English 'most', '-est'.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient dinkin
dinkin
dinkin
2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).FORFormal (respect/formality)
for formal situations.GENGenitive (case)
possessive ñúd-ug
ñúd-ug
ɲu:d-ug
need.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
I need your bravest warriors.
Agreement and comparison:
In OMW adjectives agree in number and in case. The old case marker affixes merged together with the comparison suffixes. The table below shows the affixes used in the first six word classes.
There are no adjectives from the missing word classes.
*The last consonant of the stem is removed.
Derivation
-teg/tog Used with nouns. Similar to English "-ful" suffix. Refers to the having something, fullness of something.
lyi (soul) + -teg = lyiteg (soulful/animate/living/alive)
-şwa/şwo Used with nouns. Refers to the similarity, the likeliness to something.
-i/u/y/w Used with verbs. Similar to English "-er" or "-ing" suffixes. Refers to the agent, or something that does the verb.
ḑíy (shine) + -i = ḑíyi (shining/shiny)
Number system
Old Mawic just like other mawic languages uses base six system. Numeric symbols of the Ejai script are based on the AWM system. In the original Ejai tradition numbers are written the same way as they are pronounced. For example:
2_şeg_3_10_4
Yu şeg tig şwi gu
Yu şeg tig şwi gu
2 * 36 + 3 * 6 + 4 (=94)
Of course, it gets very complicated and long quickly. Instead of this, Old Mawic uses a thing called Niftimal compression. It is basically about simplifying the number system by combining signs.
+0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
00+ | OMW | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Base 6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Base 10 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
10+ | OMW | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Base 6 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
Base 10 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
20+ | OMW | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
Base 6 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | |
Base 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
30+ | OMW | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |
Base 6 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |
Base 10 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | |
40+ | OMW | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 |
Base 6 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | |
Base 10 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | |
50+ | OMW | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 |
Base 6 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | |
Base 10 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |
Numbers from 6 to 11 go like:
11
Şwi iz
Şwi iz
Six + one (7)
15
Şwi si
Şwi si
Six + five (11)
Numbers from 12 to 35 go like:
45
Gu şwi si
Gu şwi si
Four (times) six + five (=29)
Numbers from 36 go like:
2_34
Yu şeg tig şwi gu
Yu şeg tig şwi gu
2 * 36 + 3 * 6 + 4 (=94)
1_5420
Kigi si şwişizin gu şeg şwúg
Kigi si şwişizin gu şeg şwúg
64 + 5 * 63 + 4 * 62 + 2 * 6 + 0 (=2532)
This system for naming numbers is so complicated, people often just say the written numbers.
1_5420
Iz síşwi gu şwúg
Iz síşwi gu şwúg
One fifsy four dozen(=2532)
Agreement
Cardinal
Ordinal
Multiplicative
Partitive
Precedential
Word order - Pékin çini - Pékin çini
Adverbs always come after the verb they modify.
Pátnáyg-ad
Pátnáyg-ad
pa:tna:jgad
talk-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.DIREDirect evidential (evidentiality)
speaker has direct knowledge.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee kiz-e
kiz-e
kizɛ
long-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
turns word into adverb
He/She was talking for a long time/for a while.
But if the verb comes before the object of the sentence, the adverb comes after the object.
Pád-ig
Pád-ig
pa:dig
speak.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I mávan-ag
mávan-ag
ma:vanag
mawic-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity si-e
si-e
siɛ
small-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
turns word into adverb
I speak mawic a little.
Derivation - Çíǵidijda - Çíǵidijda
You can turn any adjective into an adverb by adding the suffix "-e/o", similar to english "-ly".
çóm - slow
çómo - slowly
şíw - smooth
şíwe - smoothly
këyfin - wild
këyfine - wildly
Ronşuş-u
Ronşuş-u
ronʃuʃu
iron-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
mi
mi
mi
hot.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
ḑíy
ḑíy
d͡ʒi:j
shine.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
kúzog-o
kúzog-o
ku:zoɣo
red-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
turns word into adverb
Hot iron is glowing red.
But it's not always true. Some words have an irregular form.
ḑíyteg - bright
ḑíyte - brightly
You can do the same with the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives,
çómb - slower
çómbo - more slowly
çómfé - as slow as possible/slowest
Other uses of "-e/o" suffix
It is also used in a similar way to "as".
Góro
Góro
go:ro
work.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
dízéy-e
dízéy-e
di:ze:jɛ
fisherman-ESSEssive (case)
'as, similar'
He works as a fisherman.
Postpositions are usually used together with a noun in a postpositional case, which is most often the genitive case, but sometimes the dative.
Genitive is used in a more static environment, like: in, at, from, out, before, after, according to, and so on...
Pa
Pa
pa
father.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
úvon
úvon
u:von
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.GENGenitive (case)
possessive
kéj-in
kéj-in
ke:ʒin
house-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.GENGenitive (case)
possessive
ta
ta
ta
in
da
da
da
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis
My father is in the house.
Siti
Siti
siθi
when.INTERRInterrogative mood (mood)
asks questions
içi-gi
içi-gi
it͡ʃiɣi
guest-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
dun
dun
dun
2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).GENGenitive (case)
possessive
berdi-n
berdi-n
bɛrdin
city-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.GENGenitive (case)
possessive
çíǵ
çíǵ
t͡ʃi:ɣ
from
kiçi-rmig
kiçi-rmig
kit͡ʃirmig
arrive-FUTFuture (tense)
action occurring after the moment of speech.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action.SBJVSubjunctive mood (mood)
desired or possible events
When will your guests from the city arrive?
Pa-n
Pa-n
pan
father-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.GENGenitive (case)
possessive
úvon
úvon
u:von
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.GENGenitive (case)
possessive
şáráw
şáráw
ʃa:ra:w
according_to
ke
ke
kɛ
this
igrgi
igrgi
igr̩gi
idea.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
giz-i
giz-i
gizi
bad-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
da-ved
da-ved
davɛd
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.DIREDirect evidential (evidentiality)
speaker has direct knowledge.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
According to my father, it was a bad idea.
While dative is used to express a dynamic relationship, being in the middle of an action, or doing action without a clear end, or starting point, like: into, from the direction of, down to, up to, in the direction of, and so on...
Pa
Pa
pa
father.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
úvon
úvon
u:von
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.GENGenitive (case)
possessive
kéj-ib
kéj-ib
ke:ʒib
house-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location
ta
ta
ta
in
min
min
min
go.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis
My father is going into the house.
Çíḑib
Çíḑib
t͡ʃi:d͡ʒib
tree.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location
ba
ba
ba
up
yiz-ig
yiz-ig
jizig
climb.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis-1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I
I'm climbing up to the tree.
Túz-gub
Túz-gub
tu:zgub
hill-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location
çíǵ
çíǵ
t͡ʃi:ɣ
from
kiçi-rid-tid
kiçi-rid-tid
kit͡ʃiɾidtid
come-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis.IDREIndirect evidential (evidentiality)
speaker has indirect knowledge-3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them
They were coming from (the direction of/around) the hills.
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