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Mawic Grammar IV.
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Adjectives, Numerals, Adverbs, Adpositions
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 18 Nov 2021, 20:08.

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Menu 1. General affix rules 2. Adjectives - Siḑitagi - Siḑitagi 3. Numerals - Ḑidegi - Ḑidegi 4. Adverbs - Evigen tálraygi - Evigen tálraygi 5. Postpositions - Tizrakëdagi - Tizrakëdagi
[edit] [top]General affix rules


Suffix class rules

  • Class I.: The old stem ended with a long vowel, the vowel before the affix must become long again. If it ended with /z/, /g/, /s/ or /r/, the basic suffixes are added directly to the stem.
  • Class II.: The old stem ended with /k/, the last consonant is removed, and the vowel before becomes long.
  • Class III.: The old stem ended with /t/.
  • Class IV.: The old stem ended with /n/, the word final /n/ assimilates with the accusative affix -g .
  • Class V.: The old stem ended with /q/ or /qʰ/.
  • Class VI.: The old stem ended with /w/.
  • Class VII.: The old stem ended with /d/.
  • Class VIII.: The old stem ended with /p/.
  • Class IX.: The noun has an irregular pattern with inflected stem.
  • Class X.: The old stem ended with /uq/.
  • Class XI.: The old stem ended with /oq/.
  • Class XII.: The noun has an irregular pattern (different from class XII) with inflected stem.
  • Class XIII.: The old stem ended with /f/.
  • Class XIV.: The old stem ended with vowel + /j/.
  • Class XV.: The old stem ended with /mp/, /mb/ or /b/.


  • Palatalization rules

    Sometimes consonants of the noun stem palatalize before /i/ or /j/.
    /d/ and /g/ turns into /d͡ʒ/
    /t/ and /k/ turns into /t͡ʃ/
    ect...
    It is very hard to predict when this happens, but the suffix classes help us.

    Vowel shifting rules

    Vowel shifting, or umlaut happens, when there is an /i/ in the suffix. It turns /ɛ/ into /i/ and /a/ into /ɛ/ in the original noun stem. It does not occur in noun stems that already had a vowel shift, or in back vowel words. For example: /ɛ/ will not turn into /i/ if it was /ø/ in the old form. These words are marked in the dictionary with "UML" tag.

    Vowel harmony rules

    It is the simplest thing. If we add a suffix to a noun stem ending with a back vowel, the /i/ of the suffix must turn into /u/, and the /ɛ/ into /o/.

    [edit] [top]Adjectives - Siḑitagi - Siḑitagi


    Word order and copula dropping

    In  Mawic adjectives usually come after the noun they modify.
    Unlike in English, in OMW you can drop the copula, like in The sky is blue. => The sky blue., but only in informal speech in present tense.

    Búgwír
    Búgwír
    bu:gwi:r
    grape.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent
    etéz
    etéz
    ɛθe:z
    sweet.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent

    Grape is sweet.

    Búgwír
    Búgwír
    bu:gwi:r
    grape.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent
    etéz
    etéz
    ɛθe:z
    sweet.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent
    da
    da
    da
    COPCopula
    used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate
    .PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'

    Grape is sweet.

    Búgwír
    Búgwír
    bu:gwi:r
    grape.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent
    etéz
    etéz
    ɛθe:z
    sweet.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent
    da-d
    da-d
    da-d
    COPCopula
    used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate
    -PASTPast tense (tense)
    action occurred before moment of speech
    .IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'

    Grape was sweet.

    And so on...

    Indefinite number:

    It is used in two cases.

    1. The noun they modify is in the indefinite number.

    Seg
    Seg
    sɛg
    stone.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent
    teg
    teg
    tɛg
    hard.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent

    Stone is hard.

    2. In statements where the predicate is the adjective itself, like The sky is blue, or The grass is greener and so on.

    Drtéb
    Drtéb
    dr̩te:b
    rich.INDFIndefinite
    a nonspecific referent
    .COMPComparative (comparison)
    e.g. 'better'
    da-dig
    da-dig
    da-ðig
    COPCopula
    used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate
    -2SSecond person singular (person)
    addressee (you)
    çen
    çen
    t͡ʃɛn
    3SThird person singular (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive
    çíǵ
    çíǵ
    t͡ʃi:ɣ
    from

    You are richer than him/her.

    In other cases the definite forms are used.

    Yidi-ḑig
    Yidi-ḑig
    jiði-d͡ʒig
    warrior-PLPlural (number)
    more than one/few
    .ACCAccusative (case)
    TRANS direct object; patient
    riḑin-pyigig
    riḑin-pyigig
    rid͡ʒin-pʲiɣig
    brave-SUPSuperlative (comparison)
    English 'most', '-est'
    .PLPlural (number)
    more than one/few
    .ACCAccusative (case)
    TRANS direct object; patient
    dinkin
    dinkin
    dinkin
    2SSecond person singular (person)
    addressee (you)
    .FORFormal (respect/formality)
    for formal situations
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive
    ñúd-ug
    ñúd-ug
    ɲu:d-ug
    need.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    -1SFirst person singular (person)
    speaker, signer, etc.; I

    I need your bravest warriors.

    Agreement and comparison:

    In OMW adjectives agree in number and in case. The old case marker affixes merged together with the comparison suffixes. The table below shows the affixes used in the first six word classes.


    There are no adjectives from the missing word classes.
    *The last consonant of the stem is removed.

    Derivation

    -teg/tog Used with nouns. Similar to English "-ful" suffix. Refers to the having something, fullness of something.

    lyi (soul) + -teg = lyiteg (soulful/animate/living/alive)

    -şwa/şwo Used with nouns. Refers to the similarity, the likeliness to something.

    -i/u/y/w Used with verbs. Similar to English "-er" or "-ing" suffixes. Refers to the agent, or something that does the verb.

    ḑíy (shine) + -i = ḑíyi (shining/shiny)

    [edit] [top]Numerals - Ḑidegi - Ḑidegi


    Number system

    Old Mawic just like other mawic languages uses base six system. Numeric symbols of the Ejai script are based on the AWM system. In the original Ejai tradition numbers are written the same way as they are pronounced. For example:

    2_şeg_3_10_4
    Yu şeg tig şwi gu
    Yu şeg tig şwi gu
    2 * 36 + 3 * 6 + 4 (=94)

    Of course, it gets very complicated and long quickly. Instead of this, Old Mawic uses a thing called Niftimal compression. It is basically about simplifying the number system by combining signs.

    +0+1+2+3+4+5
    00+OMW 012345
    Base 6 012345
    Base 10 012345
    10+OMW 101112131415
    Base 6 101112131415
    Base 10 67891011
    20+OMW 202122232425
    Base 6 202122232425
    Base 10 121314151617
    30+OMW 303132333435
    Base 6 303132333435
    Base 10 181920212223
    40+OMW 404142434445
    Base 6 404142434445
    Base 10 242526272829
    50+OMW 505152535455
    Base 6 505152535455
    Base 10 303132333435



    Numbers from 6 to 11 go like:

    11
    Şwi iz
    Şwi iz
    Six + one (7)

    15
    Şwi si
    Şwi si
    Six + five (11)

    Numbers from 12 to 35 go like:

    45
    Gu şwi si
    Gu şwi si
    Four (times) six + five (=29)

    Numbers from 36 go like:

    2_34
    Yu şeg tig şwi gu
    Yu şeg tig şwi gu
    2 * 36 + 3 * 6 + 4 (=94)

    1_5420
    Kigi si şwişizin gu şeg şwúg
    Kigi si şwişizin gu şeg şwúg
    64 + 5 * 63 + 4 * 62 + 2 * 6 + 0 (=2532)

    This system for naming numbers is so complicated, people often just say the written numbers.

    1_5420
    Iz síşwi gu şwúg
    Iz síşwi gu şwúg
    One fifsy four dozen(=2532)

    Agreement

    Cardinal

    Ordinal

    Multiplicative

    Partitive

    Precedential

    [edit] [top]Adverbs - Evigen tálraygi - Evigen tálraygi


    Word order - Pékin çini - Pékin çini

    Adverbs always come after the verb they modify.

    Pátnáyg-ad
    Pátnáyg-ad
    pa:tna:jgad
    talk-PASTPast tense (tense)
    action occurred before moment of speech
    .DIREDirect evidential (evidentiality)
    speaker has direct knowledge
    .IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    .3SThird person singular (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee
    kiz-e
    kiz-e
    kizɛ
    long-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
    turns word into adverb

    He/She was talking for a long time/for a while.

    But if the verb comes before the object of the sentence, the adverb comes after the object.

    Pád-ig
    Pád-ig
    pa:dig
    speak.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    -1SFirst person singular (person)
    speaker, signer, etc.; I
    mávan-ag
    mávan-ag
    ma:vanag
    mawic-ACCAccusative (case)
    TRANS direct object; patient
    .SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    si-e
    si-e
    siɛ
    small-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
    turns word into adverb

    I speak mawic a little.

    Derivation - Çíǵidijda - Çíǵidijda

    You can turn any adjective into an adverb by adding the suffix "-e/o", similar to english "-ly".

    çóm - slow
    çómo - slowly

    şíw - smooth
    şíwe - smoothly

    këyfin - wild
    këyfine - wildly

    Ronşuş-u
    Ronşuş-u
    ronʃuʃu
    iron-SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .NOMNominative (case)
    TRANS subject, INTR argument

    mi
    mi
    mi
    hot.NOMNominative (case)
    TRANS subject, INTR argument
    .SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity

    ḑíy
    ḑíy
    d͡ʒi:j
    shine.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    .3SThird person singular (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee

    kúzog-o
    kúzog-o
    ku:zoɣo
    red-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
    turns word into adverb

    Hot iron is glowing red.

    But it's not always true. Some words have an irregular form.

    ḑíyteg - bright
    ḑíyte - brightly

    You can do the same with the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives, unless it ends with "é".

    çómb - slower
    çómbo - more slowly
    çómfé - as slow as possible/slowest

    Other uses of "-e/o" suffix

    It is also used in a similar way to "as".

    Góro
    Góro
    go:ro
    work.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    .3SThird person singular (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee

    dízéy-e
    dízéy-e
    di:ze:jɛ
    fisherman-ESSEssive (case)
    'as, similar'

    He works as a fisherman.

    [edit] [top]Postpositions - Tizrakëdagi - Tizrakëdagi


    Postpositions are usually used together with a noun in a postpositional case, which is most often the genitive case, but sometimes the dative.

    Genitive is used in a more static environment, like: in, at, from, out, before, after, according to, and so on...

    Pa
    Pa
    pa
    father.NOMNominative (case)
    TRANS subject, INTR argument

    úvon
    úvon
    u:von
    1SFirst person singular (person)
    speaker, signer, etc.; I
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive

    kéj-in
    kéj-in
    ke:ʒin
    house-SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive

    ta
    ta
    ta
    in
    da
    da
    da
    COPCopula
    used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate
    .3SThird person singular (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee
    .PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    .INDIndicative mood (mood)
    a common form of realis

    My father is in the house.

    Siti
    Siti
    siθi
    when.INTERRInterrogative mood (mood)
    asks questions

    içi-gi
    içi-gi
    it͡ʃiɣi
    guest-PLPlural (number)
    more than one/few
    .NOMNominative (case)
    TRANS subject, INTR argument

    dun
    dun
    dun
    2SSecond person singular (person)
    addressee (you)
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive

    berdi-n
    berdi-n
    bɛrdin
    city-SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive

    çíǵ
    çíǵ
    t͡ʃi:ɣ
    from
    kiçi-rmig
    kiçi-rmig
    kit͡ʃirmig
    arrive-FUTFuture (tense)
    action occurring after the moment of speech
    .PFVPerfective (aspect)
    completed action
    .SBJVSubjunctive mood (mood)
    desired or possible events

    When will your guests from the city arrive?

    Pa-n
    Pa-n
    pan
    father-SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive

    úvon
    úvon
    u:von
    1SFirst person singular (person)
    speaker, signer, etc.; I
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive

    şáráw
    şáráw
    ʃa:ra:w
    according_to
    ke
    ke

    this
    igrgi
    igrgi
    igr̩gi
    idea.SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .NOMNominative (case)
    TRANS subject, INTR argument

    giz-i
    giz-i
    gizi
    bad-SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .NOMNominative (case)
    TRANS subject, INTR argument

    da-ved
    da-ved
    davɛd
    COPCopula
    used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate
    -PASTPast tense (tense)
    action occurred before moment of speech
    .DIREDirect evidential (evidentiality)
    speaker has direct knowledge
    .PFVPerfective (aspect)
    completed action
    .INDIndicative mood (mood)
    a common form of realis
    .3SThird person singular (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee

    According to my father, it was a bad idea.

    While dative is used to express a dynamic relationship, being in the middle of an action, or doing action without a clear end, or starting point, like: into, from the direction of, down to, up to, in the direction of, and so on...

    Pa
    Pa
    pa
    father.NOMNominative (case)
    TRANS subject, INTR argument

    úvon
    úvon
    u:von
    1SFirst person singular (person)
    speaker, signer, etc.; I
    .GENGenitive (case)
    possessive

    kéj-ib
    kéj-ib
    ke:ʒib
    house-SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .DATDative (case)
    indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location

    ta
    ta
    ta
    in
    min
    min
    min
    go.3SThird person singular (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee
    .PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    .INDIndicative mood (mood)
    a common form of realis

    My father is going into the house.

    Çíḑib
    Çíḑib
    t͡ʃi:d͡ʒib
    tree.SGSingular (number)
    one countable entity
    .DATDative (case)
    indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location

    ba
    ba
    ba
    up
    yiz-ig
    yiz-ig
    jizig
    climb.PREPresent.IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    .INDIndicative mood (mood)
    a common form of realis
    -1SFirst person singular (person)
    speaker, signer, etc.; I

    I'm climbing up to the tree.

    Túz-gub
    Túz-gub
    tu:zgub
    hill-PLPlural (number)
    more than one/few
    .DATDative (case)
    indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location

    çíǵ
    çíǵ
    t͡ʃi:ɣ
    from
    kiçi-rid-tid
    kiçi-rid-tid
    kit͡ʃiɾidtid
    come-PASTPast tense (tense)
    action occurred before moment of speech
    .IPFVImperfective (aspect)
    'interrupted or incomplete'
    .INDIndicative mood (mood)
    a common form of realis
    .IDREIndirect evidential (evidentiality)
    speaker has indirect knowledge
    -3PThird person plural (person)
    neither speaker nor addressee, they/them

    They were coming from (the direction of/around) the hills.

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